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{
    "url": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/email/HX6SOJRP4MKRQDV4ETBPUYA3XUJ73XFE/?format=api",
    "mailinglist": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/?format=api",
    "message_id": "[email protected]",
    "message_id_hash": "HX6SOJRP4MKRQDV4ETBPUYA3XUJ73XFE",
    "thread": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/thread/HX6SOJRP4MKRQDV4ETBPUYA3XUJ73XFE/?format=api",
    "sender": {
        "address": "st2nh (a) yahoo.com",
        "mailman_id": "18d20a49064d4389a903c077203dda96",
        "emails": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/sender/18d20a49064d4389a903c077203dda96/emails/?format=api"
    },
    "sender_name": "Nader Omer",
    "subject": "[amsat-bb]  QUIETING in Echo-51 sat? !!",
    "date": "2009-07-06T23:44:57Z",
    "parent": null,
    "children": [],
    "votes": {
        "likes": 0,
        "dislikes": 0,
        "status": "neutral"
    },
    "content": "Hi All\n \nMy 1st Questions is -\n \nWhat the reason of QUIETING in Echo-51 sat?\n \n \n \nGoogle gave me a good link of k0nr \n\nhttp://www.k0nr.com/rwitte/fmvhf.html\n \nk0nr wrote\n\nSIGNAL REPORTS\nFM signal reports are often given in terms of receiver quieting. A strong signal\nwill fully quiet an FM receiver, while a weak one will be quite noisy. A \"Full\nquieting\" report is given to a signal which exhibits no background noise or\nhiss. Signal reports are often given in terms of \"percent quieting\" to give the\ntransmitting station a better idea of the signal quality.\n\nRemember that when using a repeater there are two communication paths at work --\nthe path from the transmitting station to the repeater and the path from the\nrepeater to the receiving station. Either one of these paths can exhibit noise\ndue to a weak signal. If the receiving station has a strong S-meter indication\nbut the transmitting station sounds noisy, the transmitting station is probably\nweak into the repeater. Remember that the signal strength indicated by your S\nmeter is due to the repeater and not the transmitting station.\n\nA frequency modulated transmitter used on the VHF/UHF amateur bands should be\nset for a maximum frequency deviation of 5 kHz with full modulation. Unlike SSB\ntransmitters, the signal strength of an FM signal is independent of modulation\nlevel. That is, a dead carrier produces just as much power as a fully-modulated\nsignal. Excessive modulation of an FM transmitter does not improve the reception\nof the signal and often degrades it. On the other hand, inadequate FM deviation\ncauses weak received audio. The level of audio heard on the receive end is\nrelatively independent of received signal strength. This means that changing\ntransmitter power does not affect the loudness of the audio at the receive end.\n \n \n\nWhat I have understood\n\n……………………………………………….\n(FM signal reports are often given in terms of receiver quieting\nA strong signal will fully quiet an FM receiver)\n\nstrong signal (from TX station or sat )\nQuieting at receiver side (e.g. ground station)\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nA dead carrier produces just as much power as a fully-modulated signal\n \nPTT on!!!  waste of power???\n \n \n \n \nMy 2nd Question is\n \nWhy dose Echo-51 keep pump dead carrier that detected at ground station as quietness?\n \n \n\n73's\nNader, st2nh\nwww.st2nh.com\n \n \n\n\n      \n",
    "attachments": []
}