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{
    "url": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/email/KGHW7E4P6U75HPACGV2RISXLTACM5KWA/?format=api",
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    "message_id": "[email protected]",
    "message_id_hash": "KGHW7E4P6U75HPACGV2RISXLTACM5KWA",
    "thread": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/thread/WZQ7UMQSAQO3766JXNUVJ25NRGHWGNFR/?format=api",
    "sender": {
        "address": "ml-ams (a) vdazone.org",
        "mailman_id": "48a0f2ea769c4a3b9ba5507876392906",
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    },
    "sender_name": "Mario Lorenz",
    "subject": "[amsat-bb] Re: NIST Phase Noise Measurements Group Noise Figure",
    "date": "2013-01-19T19:03:31Z",
    "parent": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/email/WZQ7UMQSAQO3766JXNUVJ25NRGHWGNFR/?format=api",
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    "content": "Am 18. Jan 2013, um 23:46:39 schrieb Joe Leikhim:\n> I have just sent off an e-mail to David Howe of NIST Metrology\n> requesting clarification.\n> \n> I was shocked when I first saw this and posted it a couple places to\n> get feedback.\n> \n> Domenico's excellent response further demonstrated that explanation is required.\n\nDear Joe,\n\nTthe -177dBm/Hz value pertains to Phase noise (PM),\nwhich is in case of stationary (like thermal white) noise half of\nthe total noise power ( -174 dBm/Hz - 3dB down.)\n(the other half is amplitude noise, which is not considered in\nthe paper there).\n\nChanging kTB (total thermal noise power) mathematically requires\neither changing B (but this is fixed to 1 Hz by the resulting unit)\nor T (halving the temperature, but this is not stated in\nthe paper, nor would it make practical sense), or k (significantly\nchanging a fundamental physical constant takes more than a single\nNIST paper and would have more profound effects than requiring\nrecalibration of all NF meters :).\n\nThe other topic of the paper is that Noise Figures as usually\nused in the low signal case to characterize the thermal noise\nproperties of the amplifiers may not be a good figure of merrit in the\nthe strong signal case, the phase noise caused by intermodulation\nbetween the carrier and the noise may actually dominate there.\n\nBest 73s,\n\nMario\n\n-- \nMario Lorenz                            Internet:    <[email protected]>\n                                        Ham Radio:   DL5MLO@DB0ERF.#THR.DEU.EU\n",
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