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{ "url": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/email/ZFG2HR542UGCIH6VH7KVYJX3CBYZGBUH/", "mailinglist": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/", "message_id": "CANk-AFseA3nCxKC8Tau69z_Ad4JsYvLv0i+uVLQBzrm6uJOBkw@mail.gmail.com", "message_id_hash": "ZFG2HR542UGCIH6VH7KVYJX3CBYZGBUH", "thread": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/thread/ZFG2HR542UGCIH6VH7KVYJX3CBYZGBUH/", "sender": { "address": "kg5jup (a) gmail.com", "mailman_id": "4f2ce9e4819948a4af9f6a154270949f", "emails": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/sender/4f2ce9e4819948a4af9f6a154270949f/emails/" }, "sender_name": "Chris Bradley", "subject": "[amsat-bb] ANS - 281.01", "date": "2017-10-08T15:46:38Z", "parent": null, "children": [], "votes": { "likes": 0, "dislikes": 0, "status": "neutral" }, "content": "AMSAT NEWS SERVICE\nANS-281.01\n\nThe AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and infor-\nmation service of AMSAT North America, The Radio Amateur Satellite\nCorporation. ANS publishes news related to Amateur Radio in Space\nincluding reports on the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur\nRadio operators who share an active interest in designing, building,\nlaunching and communicating through analog and digital Amateur Radio\nsatellites.\n\nThe news feed on http://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur\nRadio in Space as soon as our volunteers can post it.\n\nPlease send any amateur satellite news or reports to:\nans-editor at amsat dot org.\n\nIn this edition:\n\n* ARISS One Step Closer to Flying New Equipment to ISS\n* VUCC Awards/Endorsements for September 2017\n* Sputnik Replica - The Transmitter\n* PE1ITR Posts Impressions and Photos From AMSAT-DL Annual Meeting\n* AMSAT Phase 4 Groundstation Report for the Week 3 October 2017\n* COMET Program Training\n* Get Ready for the 2017 AMSAT Space Symposium and Annual Meeting\n* Satellite Shorts From All Over\n+ Congratulations to Alex N7AGF\n+ Daily DX Report\n+ Gérard Auvray, F6FAO Slient Key\n\n\nSB SUN @ AMSAT $ANS-281.01\nANS-253.01 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins\n\nAMSAT News Service Bulletin 281.01\n>From AMSAT HQ KENSINGTON, MD.\nSeptember 10, 2017\nTo All RADIO AMATEURS\nBID: $ANS-281.01\n\n\nARISS One Step Closer to Flying New Equipment to ISS\n\nOn behalf of the ARISS International team, I am proud to announce\nthat on Friday September 29th the ARISS team submitted the\nInterOperable Radio System (IORS) Safety Data Package to NASA for\nreview! Our next step in this process is the Safety Review, which is\nplanned for November 2.\n\nSubmitting this was a phenomenal accomplishment!! Particularly\nsince the entire Safety Data Package was developed exclusively by our\nARISS volunteers---something we have never done before. Prior to\nthis submittal, all safety packages---from Owen Garriott's in the\nearly 1980s to today--were developed with contractors from NASA, ESA\nor Energia. And might I say at substantial expense. I am pleased\nthat the ARISS team did it ourselves!\n\nWhy is this important? Two reasons:\n\n1) This is a very major IORS milestone. We cannot get to orbit\nwithout successfully completing the safety review process and getting\nour hardware certified for flight.\n\n2) Developing the safety package exclusively with volunteers is an\ninnovative and gutsy approach to keep costs down and get the hardware\nflown sooner. Otherwise we probably would have to slip launch 1-2\nyears while we acquired additional funding to get this done.\n\nNASA Human Spaceflight Safety Certification is a four-step process---\nPhase 0, Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3. The material we submitted\ncovers the first three of the four phases. As part of Phases 0, 1\nand 2, we need to make sure NASA understands our design. And we need\nto show NASA that we understand all the potential hazards that our\nhardware systems could introduce to ISS and how we have mitigated (or\nprevented) these hazards. One example is to demonstrate to NASA that\nour IORS was designed with electrical wiring and circuit breakers\nthat possess adequate features and sufficient margin to prevent an\nelectrical shock or fire on-board the ISS. Critically important\nstuff! The final phase (Phase 3) will be complete when we have\ncompleted all testing and NASA inspection of our flight hardware and\nNASA deems it flight worthy. At that point the IORS will be flight\ncertificated and we can fly! Currently we are looking to March-May\n2018 for flight readiness.\n\nFor those not following ARISS hardware development very closely, we\nare developing the IORS to replace most of the on-board radio\nhardware. It is called \"interoperable\" because it is being designed\nto be operated anywhere on ISS. But specifically, it will be used in\nthe two areas with ISS Ham legacy antennas: the Columbus Module and\nthe Russian Service Module. Interoperability allows us to leverage\nexisting ISS power cables, it can be moved between modules in the\nevent of on-orbit failures, and it supports common training and\noperations. The IORS is the most complex in-cabin hardware system we\nhave ever designed, built, tested and flown as a volunteer team. We\nwill remove the 3 watt Ericsson handheld radio system, initially\ncertified for flight in 1999, and the Packet module--both of which\nhave recently had issues-and install a brand-new, specially modified\n25 watt JVC Kenwood D710GA radio to enable a multitude of new or\nimproved capabilities on ISS, including voice repeater and be\n tter APRS operations. A key development is the Multi-Voltage Power\nSupply (MVPS), which interfaces with multiple electric outlet\nconnection types on ISS and provides a multitude of power output\ncapabilities for our current and future ARISS operations and amateur\nradio experimentation. It will also allow our Ham Video system to\nhave a dedicated power outlet, eliminating the outlet sharing we have\nnow, which shuts down Ham Video at times.\n\n\n\nThis effort would not be possible without the dedication and\npersistence of our IORS development team of volunteers. They have\nbeen working tirelessly behind the scenes to provide an outstanding\namateur radio experience for all. Our IORS development team\nincludes: Lou McFadin, W5DID, our Chief Engineer; Kerry Banke, N6IZW,\nthe MVPS lead designer; Bob Davis, KF4KSS, the MVPS Mechanical\nenclosure designer; Ed Krome, K9EK, supporting IORS thermal control\nand cabin noise dissipation; Dave Taylor, W8AAS, our JVC Kenwood D-\n710 development liaison; Bob Bruninga, WB4APR, our APRS and D-710\noperations expert; Shin Aota, JL1IBD, and Phil Parton, N4DRO for all\ntheir phenomenal support from JVC Kenwood; Kenneth Ransom, N5VHO, our\noperations lead; and our safety package team-Ken Ernandes, N2WWD, and\nGordon Scannell, KD8COJ. Kudos to all on a fantastic effort!\n\nDesigning, building and testing the IORS is a huge undertaking and\n*very* expensive. We need to build ten (10!) units to support flight\nhardware, flight spares, testing, and training across the\ninternational team. Hardware parts, development tools, fabrication,\ntesting, and expenses to certify the IORS are expected to cost\napproximately $150,000. And the hard part (i.e. most expensive part)\nis just now starting. So please consider making a donation to ARISS\nto take our hardware system from dream to reality. You can donate to\nARISS directly through the AMSAT web site at:\nhttp://www.ariss.org/donate.html. ALL donations go directly to ARISS.\n\nThank you for all your support to inspire, engage and educate our\nyouth to consider wireless communications and amateur radio, and to\npursue STEAM careers through our exciting human space exploration and\namateur radio endeavor!\n\n[ANS thanks Frank Bauer KA3HDO for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nVUCC Awards/Endorsements for September 2017\n\nThe VUCC Standings for September 30th are still not\nwithout problems. Totals that changed a few up or down\nare still not corrected. A few more callsigns are missing.\nBelow are the totals that changed on 8 September 2017 which\nwere in the last posting. The 30 September pdf dropped N1AIA\nand AK4WQ(EN34). AI6GS and K7TAB are still missing.\n\n\nPrevious Callsigns missing on 08Sep2017:\nAI6GS (230)\nK7TAB (100)\n\nNew Callsigns Missing on 30Sep2017:\nN1AIA (216)\nAK4WQ(EN34) (107) (was 106 01Aug2017)\n\nCallsigns with totals that went DOWN:\n\nKO4MA 1564 -1562\nAC0RA 1143 -1142\nK8TL 974 -973\nAA5PK 876 -875\nW6ZQ 561 -560\nK4XP 102 -101\n\nCallsigns with totals that only went UP by a few:\n\nK6FW 603 -606\nKK4FEM 476 -480 (now NJ4Y at 502)\nKL7CN/W6 249 -250\nKX9X 158 -159\nAK4WQ(EN34) 106 -107\nVA3NNA 100 -102\n(The above callsigns could be legitimate endorsements.)\n\nHere are the apparent endorsements and new VUCC Satellite\nAwards issued by the ARRL for the period September 8, 2017\nthrough September 30, 2017.\nCongratulations to all those who made the list this month!\n\nCALL GRIDS\n\nKB1RVT 1524\nK4FEG 818\nNJ4Y 502\nW4FS 482\nW0DHB 400\nK5ND 351\nNS3L 225\nW6ZQ(DM42) 202 (NEW VUCC)\nNR0T 200\nWA7HQD 138\nPT2AP 102 (NEW VUCC)\nPS8ET 101 (NEW VUCC)\nK4RGK 100 (NEW VUCC)\n\nThis list was developed by comparing the ARRL .pdf\nlistings for September 8th and September 30th, 2017. It's a visual\ncomparison so omissions are possible. Apologies if your\ncall was not mentioned. Thanks to all those who are\nroving to grids that are rarely on the birds. They are\ndoing most of the work!\n\n[ANS thanks John K8YSE for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nSputnik Replica - The Transmitter\n\nStefan's Radio Blog posted at:\nhttp://www.radio.cc/post/franks-sputnik-transmitter\n\nFrank's Sputnik Replica - The Transmitter\n\nIn the January edition of the RAZzies magazine Frank Waarsenburg\nPA3CNO continued to report about building a replica of the original\nSputnik 1 transmitter.\n\nIn his interesting article he writes about the difficulties and\nobstacles he faced: Missing data for winding the coils, errors\nin 2p19b datasheets and a critical bug in the schematics. He des-\ncribed his approaches to tackle these problems. (See the blog\npage for a photo of the project.)\n\nI think for everyone who is interested in understanding the\nSputnik 1 transmitter or who wants even to build a replica Frank's\narticle is a must read. Please note that the RAZzies is a Dutch\nHAM magazine. If you don't understand Dutch simply use the Google\ntranslator or similar tools in order to get a translation.\n\nAccess Razzie's Magazine at:\nhttps://www.pi4raz.nl/razzies/razzies201601.pdf\n\n[ANS thanks Stephan's Radio Blog for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nPE1ITR Posts Impressions and Photos From AMSAT-DL Annual Meeting\n\nhttp://pe1itr.com/satellite/verslag-amsat-dl-jahreshauptversammlung-\n2017.htm\n(Ed. note - Google translate helps)\n\nOn September 30th I visited with Jack, PA0BOJ, the AMSAT-DL\nJahreshauptvers-\nammlung 2017. We left Bochum at 7:15 am and at 8:00 we were home\nagain. It\nwas a long and interesting day, revealing that it was a blast of\nactivities.\n\nIn addition to the usual administrative issues, the central theme of\nthe\nannual meeting was the developments of and around the future Es'hail-\n2 satel-\nlite. The expectation is now that the satellite will be launched in\nQ2 2018.\n\nThere were lectures on the construction of the various ground\nstations and\ntheir current status. It was nice to see that in the command, ground\nstations\nbuilt in extensive switching options, which also included space for\nexperiments.\n\nAlso the well-known LEILA is built in custom form and there will be\na websdr\navailable to monitor the downlink signal.\n\nThere was special attention to the digital television capabilities\nof this\nsatellite. In this context I found the reading of Thomas, DG5NGI,\ninterest-\ning, in which he told me about the DVB-S2 mode that one wants to\nuse. And\neven talked about DVB-S2X as a possible next step afterwards. I had\nnot\nheard of DVB-S2 before, but now I understand that DVB-S2 is more\npacket\noriented than DVB-S, so there are more opportunities in the data\nstream\nbuild-up. Spoken was about FEC, Modulation, BBFRAMES, Dynamic Coding\nand\nTransport Capability.\n\nIt was also clear that for experimenting with datv on the wideband\ntrans-\nponder, coordination between users is needed. The BATC is developing a\nwebsite that provides more information in this performance.\n\nThere was also a dummy S/X band P4A transponder at the meeting. Jack\nhad taken his DVB-S S-band television transmitter and X-band receiver.\nAnd I'm my ssb/cw S/X band equipment. With this we thoroughly tested\nthe\ndummy transponder. I even made my first qso about this phase4a style\nS/X\nband dummy transponder with Achim DH2VA, which was on the other side\nof\nthe room. We have therefore exchanged 59 +++ reports. And we were\nagain\na nice experience richer.\n\n[ANS thanks Rob, PE1ITR, and AMSAT-DL for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAMSAT Phase 4 Groundstation Report for the Week 3 October 2017\n\nMichelle Thompson, W5NYV, has released the Weekly Report for the AMSAT\nGroundstation Team.\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcefTXTj9b0&feature=youtu.be\n\nHer full report, including notes are posted with the video (click on\n'See More'). This week Michelle discusses our simplified pi/2 BPSK\ndecoder, working under the assumption that symbol timing and phase\nhave already been resolved to a single sample per symbol.\n\nThis work fits into the much larger picture of acquiring phase, timing\nof symbols, demodulation, decoding, and correlation to the fixed\npatterns\nof the Start of Frame field in the physical layer header that helps\ndefine each DVB-S2 frame.\n\nThe DVB-S2 physical layer header is sent using a modulation scheme\ncalled\npi/2 BPSK. This scheme is defined in the standard. Since we're using\nGNU\nRadio as our reference design, we decided to make a custom block in\nGNU\nRadio to do this. This block will evolve to include our specific type\nof correlation for the Start of Frame as well.\n\nWe started with the definition in the specification where, \"SOF shall\ncorrespond to the sequence 18D2E82HEX (01-1000-....-0010 in binary\nnotation, the left-side bit being the MSB of the PLHEADER)\" 90 degree\nBPSK, so in complex notation, it's…\"The PLHEADER, represented by the\nbinary sequence (y1, y2,...y90) shall be modulated into 90 p/2BPSK\nsymbols according to the rule:\n\n I sub 2i-1 = Q sub 2i-1 = (1/v2) (1-2y sub 2i-1), I sub 2i =\n - Q sub 2i = - (1/v2) (1-2y sub 2i) for i = 1, 2, ..., 45 \"\n\n[Ed. note: examples and explanation are in the video]\n\nAssuming that the demodulation is correct, the next step from here\nis to take our start of frame and look for received patterns that\nmatch\nit. When this happens, we will produce a tag. Tags in GNU Radio are\nsynchronized chunks of information that are attached to samples. It\nis like metadata that can be used by other blocks. For this block,\nwe are going to follow the conventions in the general correlation\nestimation block. This means that there will be several tags that\ncan be used by downstream blocks that need them. Those downstream\nblocks have already implemented functions that consume the tags, so\nif we produce them, it makes for more useful flow graphs.?\n\n[ANS thanks Michelle Thompson, W5NYV for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCOMET Program Training\n\nThe COMET Program is pleased to announce the publication of the new\nlesson,\n\"Communicating Winter Weather Surface Impacts\n<https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1320>\". This\nlesson will\nintroduce National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to the benefits\nof\npre-season coordination in understanding the critical needs of\ndecision-makers, particularly the state and local Departments of\nTransportation (DOTs). The strategies used by DOTs to mitigate road\nimpacts\nduring the winter and how the NWS can best support their needs are\nalso\ndiscussed. Learners will gain insight into the common methods of\ncollaboration between the NWS and DOT, and the different types of\nwinter\nweather events in which they work together. Learners will also\npractice\ncommunicating winter weather forecast information that best support\nthe\nconcerns of DOT, including working through a simulation to see the\neffects\nof their communication choices on DOT decisions. The lesson will\ntake about\nan hour to complete (not including the quiz).\n\nThe intended audience for \"Communicating Winter Weather Surface\nImpacts\n<https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1320>\" includes\noperational forecasters in U.S. NWS Weather Forecast Offices, and\nothers\nwith general interest in communicating weather information. NWS\nforecast\noffices could use the lesson in their training programs in\npreparation for\nthe winter weather season.\n\nFor best viewing of content on the MetEd website, please ensure that\nyou\nhave a browser updated to its latest version with JavaScript\nenabled. For\ntechnical support, please visit our Registration and Support FAQs\n<https://www.meted.ucar.edu/resources_faq.php>.\n\nWe welcome any comments or questions you may have regarding the\ncontent,\ninstructional approach, or use of this lesson. Please e-mail your\ncomments\nor questions to Vanessa Vincente (vincente ATucar.edu) or Tsvetomir\nRoss-Lazarov (tlazarov AT ucar.edu).\n\n[ANS thanks Lloyd Colston, KC5FM for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nGet Ready for the 2017 AMSAT Space Symposium and Annual Meeting\nEverything you need to know and get done today\n\n\nHere is a summary of what you need to do to get ready for the\n2017 AMSAT-NA Space Symposium and Annual Meeting, October 27-29,\n2017 at the Silver Legacy Resort Hotel, Reno, NV.\n\n2017 Annual AMSAT Symposium important deadlines.\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe last day to reserve a meal at the Saturday Evening Banquet is\nSunday, October 8, 2017.\n\nThe last day to register online at the Silver Legacy with the\nguaranteed rate is Friday, October 12, 2017.\n\nThe last day to register online is Friday, October 20, 2017.\n\nThe last day to reserve a seat at the Area Coordinators Breakfast is\nWednesday, October 25, 2017.\n\nIf you miss the Registration Deadline, you may still show up at the\ndoor and pay $55. There will be no late orders for the Banquet or\nBreakfast as this has to do with the rooms and tables necessary.\n\nComplete Your Symposium Registration in the AMSAT Store\n-------------------------------------------------------\nYou can register for the 2017 Space Symposium, the Saturday Evening\nBanquet, the Sunday Morning Area Coordinators breakfast, the Sunday\nafternoon tour to Virginia City, and the Monday tour to Lake Tahoe\nin the AMSAT store: https://www.amsat.org/shop/\n\nSymposium Registration (including a copy of the Proceedings)\n+ Starting September 15 -- $50\n+ At the door -- $55\n\n\nMake Your Reservations for the Symposium Hotel in Reno\n------------------------------------------------------\nYou must make your hotel reservations at the Silver Legacy at this\nlink: https://www.amsat.org/symposium-hotel/ (block code ISAMSAT)\nThe hotel phone number is 1-800-687-8733.\n\nTO GUARANTEE OUR RATES PLEASE MAKE YOUR RESERVATIONS BEFORE\nOCTOBER 12, 2017.\n\nThe Silver Legacy is a 4-star Resort/Hotel/Casino which is an iconic\n42-story hotel with its massive round dome and spires centered in\ndowntown Reno.\n\n\n2017 AMSAT-NA Space Symposium Schedule Announced\n------------------------------------------------------------\nThe Schedule for the 2017 AMSAT-NA Space Symposium and\nAnnual Meeting, October 27-29, 2017 at the Silver Legacy Resort\nHotel, Reno, NV.\n\nCheck the Symposium Web Page for updates and new information as it\nbecomes available: https://www.amsat.org/symposium-schedule/\n\n\n2017 AMSAT-NA Space Symposium Tours Announced\n---------------------------------------------\nThe 2017 AMSAT Space Symposium will be held Friday, Saturday, and\nSunday, Oct 27-29 in Reno. There will be two tours of the sights\naround Reno offered after the Symposium ends on Sunday morning.\n\nThe first tour is offered on Sunday October 29, 10:00AM to 4:00PM\nThis tour will visit Historical Virginia City. Tour cost is $46 per\nperson. Lunch will be on your own.\n\nThe second tour is offered on Monday October 30, 8:30AM to 5:30PM\nThis tour will Discover Truckee, the Donner Party, Lake Tahoe &\nGenoa. The tour cost is $80 per person. There is an optional Lake\nTahoe Cruise on a paddle-wheel ship available. The tour cost with the\nLake Tahoe Cruise is $147 per person. Lunch is provided with either\ntour option.\n\nA description of the tours has been posted at\nhttps://www.amsat.org/symposium-tours/\n\nComplete tour information is available by paging through each tour\ndescription and a link to purchase the tour through the AMSAT Store\nis provided below the description. You may also purchase all\nSymposium events at the AMSAT Store.\nhttps://www.amsat.org/product-category/amsat-symposium/\n\n\nIntroducing Banquet Keynote Speaker Garrett L. Skrobot, NASA\nCubesat Launch Initiative Program, Kennedy Space Center\n--------------------------------------------------------------\nGarrett was born in Myrtle Beach, S.C., but moved to West Cocoa,\nFlorida at the age of six months. Immediately after graduating\nfrom Cocoa High School in 1980, Garrett began a four-year tour\nof duty in the United States Marine Corp that took him around\nthe world.\n\nIn 1988 Garrett earned a Bachelor of Science in electrical\nengineering from the University of Tennessee; he later received\nhis master's degree in space systems from the Florida Institute\nof Technology in 1992.\n\nGarrett joined the NASA team at Kennedy Space Center in 2000 as\nan Integration Engineer for the Launch Services Program. Prior\nto his work with NASA, Garrett was employed by General Dynamics\nas a System Engineer for the Atlas/Centaur booster program. Dur-\ning his tenure with General Dynamics, Garret participated in more\nthan 50 launches while working in the Electrical, Ground Instru-\nmentation, Payload Mission Integration, Telemetry and Project\nManagement divisions.\n\nGarrett continues to live in Cocoa with his wife and their three\ndaughters. In his free time, Garrett enjoys nature photography,\nfishing, and actively supporting his daughters in their sports.\nGarrett himself is also an accomplished athlete, having earned\na black belt in karate.\n\n\n[ANS thanks the 2017 AMSAT-NA Symposium Committee for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nSatellite Shorts From All Over\n\nCongratulations to Alex N7AGF? for earning his VUCC Satellite Award.\nAlex wrote, \"It took almost a year. Thanks to all the\noperators/rovers\nwho helped me get there!\" Alex was licensed in 1992. He is a digital\nand satellite enthusiast. He is a life member of AMSAT and the ARRL.\n\n[ANS thanks AMSAT Twitter for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe Daily DX has reported that RI1F has been reported on\n14.040 and 10.127 MHz CW. Members of the Russian Robinson\nClub (RRC) had announced plans for activity on 160-10 meters,\nincluding the WARC bands, VHF and UHF. Operations will be on\nCW, SSB, the Digital modes, EME (dates are October 3-7) and\nthe satellites. (via the Daily DX)\n\n\n[ANS thanks The Daily DX for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nGérard Auvray, F6FAO, passed away on 17 October 2017.\n\n\nGerard was Amsat-F president. He was very involved in the Hamradio\nsatellite community and contributed to several satellites that were\nlaunched in space : Arsène, Spoutnik 40, Spoutnik 41, Idefix 1 et 2,\ncubesat like Robusta, QB50 P2, X-cubesat et Spacecube.\n\nHe also shared his passion with many students, and hamradio operators.\nHe has contributed to other projects / activities such as providing\nhelp during 1985 Mexico City earthquake, promoting experimental\nballoons and solar balloons… He was also involved in Big Jump\nproject.\n\n[ANS thanks AMSAT dot org for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/EX\n\nIn addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership in the\nPresident's Club. Members of the President's Club, as sustaining\ndonors to AMSAT Project Funds, will be eligible to receive addi-\ntional benefits. Application forms are available from the AMSAT\nOffice.\n\nPrimary and secondary school students are eligible for membership\nat one-half the standard yearly rate. Post-secondary school students\nenrolled in at least half time status shall be eligible for the stu-\ndent rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary years in this status.\nContact Martha at the AMSAT Office for additional student membership\ninformation.\n\n73,\nThis week's ANS Editor,\nChris Bradley,AA5EM\naa5em at amsat dot org\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\nSent via AMSAT-BB at amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum\navailable\nto all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership.\nOpinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect\nthe official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to\nsupport the amateur satellite program! Subscription settings:\nhttp://www.amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb\n", "attachments": [] }