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    "url": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/email/536VHPRSODQXRP3WOOKBUM43JZAIJ2N4/?format=api",
    "mailinglist": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/?format=api",
    "message_id": "CAM5+sos+UTR4a+sy2AGLtdrc1XMx9FganFdfgTRXR6aHUuFuaw@mail.gmail.com",
    "message_id_hash": "536VHPRSODQXRP3WOOKBUM43JZAIJ2N4",
    "thread": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/thread/536VHPRSODQXRP3WOOKBUM43JZAIJ2N4/?format=api",
    "sender": {
        "address": "mccardelm (a) gmail.com",
        "mailman_id": "147f14b8d896456cbff7f12049b091a2",
        "emails": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/sender/147f14b8d896456cbff7f12049b091a2/emails/?format=api"
    },
    "sender_name": "E.Mike McCardel",
    "subject": "[ans] ANS-186 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins",
    "date": "2015-07-05T03:28:53Z",
    "parent": null,
    "children": [],
    "votes": {
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    "content": "AMSAT NEWS SERVICE\nANS-186\n\nThe AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and infor-\nmation service of AMSAT North America, The Radio Amateur Satellite\nCorporation. ANS publishes news related to Amateur Radio in Space\nincluding reports on the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur\nRadio operators who share an active interest in designing, building,\nlaunching and communicating through analog and digital Amateur Radio\nsatellites.\n\nThe news feed on http://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur\nRadio in Space as soon as our volunteers can post it.\n\nPlease send any amateur satellite news or reports to:\nans-editor at amsat.org.\n\nIn this edition:\n\n* AMSAT 2015 Symposium Call for Papers\n* Reminder - Send in AMSAT Field Day Results\n* $50SAT 19 months in Space and still working\n* International Space Colloquium at Guildford\n* WD9EWK California road trip July 9-13\n* ARISS Poster Presented at ISS R&D Conference\n* Help Wanted - Editor-in-Chief for the AMSAT Journal\n* ARISS News\n* Satellite Shorts From All Over\n\n\nSB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-186\nANS-186 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins\n\nAMSAT News Service Bulletin 186\n>From AMSAT HQ KENSINGTON, MD.\nJuly 5, 2015\nTo All RADIO AMATEURS\nBID: $ANS-186\n\n\nAMSAT 2015 Symposium Call for Papers\n\nThis is the first call for papers for the 2015 AMSAT-NA Annual\nMeeting and Space Symposium to be held on the weekend of October 16-\n18, 2015. Proposals for papers, symposium presentations and poster\npresentations are invited on any topic of interest to the amateur\nsatellite community. We request a tentative title of your\npresentation as soon as possible, but no later than August 1. The\nfinal copy must be submitted by September 15 for inclusion in the\nprinted proceedings. Abstracts and papers should be sent to Dan\nSchultz at n8fgv at amsat.org\n\nThe 2015 AMSAT Space Symposium and Annual Meeting will be held\nOctober 16, 17, 18, 2015 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, 33 East 5th\nStreet, in Downtown, Dayton, Ohio.\n\n[ANS thanks the 2015 Symposium Committee for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nReminder - Send in AMSAT Field Day Results\n\nPlease send your AMSAT Field Day results to Bruce Paige, KK5DO.\n\nRefer to the\nAMSAT Field Day web page at http://www.amsat.org/?page_id=216\nfor a copy of the rules document. This also includes the format of\nthe Satellite Summary Sheet.\n\nThe Satellite Summary Sheet should be used for submission of the\nAMSAT Field Day competition and be received by KK5DO (email or postal\nmail) by 11:59 P.M. CDT, Monday, July 13, 2015. The preferred method\nfor submitting your log is via e-mail to [email protected] or\[email protected]. You will receive an email back (within one or two\ndays) from me when I receive your email submission. If you do not\nreceive a confirmation message, then I have not received your\nsubmission. Try sending it again or send it to my other email address.\n\nYou may also use the postal service but give plenty of time for your\nresults to arrive by the submission date. If mailing your submission,\nthe address is:\n\nBruce Paige, KK5DO\nAMSAT Director of Awards and Contests\nPO Box 310\nAlief, TX 77411-0310\n\nPlease add photographs or other interesting information that can be\nused in an article for the Journal.\n\nCertificates will be awarded to the first-place emergency\npower/portable station at the AMSAT General Meeting and Space\nSymposium in the fall of 2015. Certificates will also be awarded to\nthe second and third place\nportable/emergency operation in addition to the first-place home\nstation running on emergency power. A station submitting high, award-\nwinning scores will be requested to send in dupe sheets for analog\ncontacts and message listings for digital downloads.\n\n[ANS thanks Bruce Paige, KK5DO, AMSAT Director of Awards and\nContests for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n$50SAT 19 months in Space and still working\n\nMichael Kirkhart KD8QBA provides an update on the $50SAT amateur\nradio spacecraft which measures just 5x5x7.5 cm\n\nSunday, June 21, 2015 marked the 19 month anniversary of the launch\nof $50SAT/MO-76/Eagle-2.  The good news is it still operating.  The\nbad news is the power situation has been degrading, with an apparent\nstep change on or near May 12, 2015, followed by another on Tuesday,\nJune 23, 2015.  The last full telemetry capture made here in EN82\nland was on Wednesday, May 27, 2015, and the last time it was heard\nwas on Friday, June 6, 2015.  I continued to attempt to listen for it\nfor another week or so, and heard nothing.  Has anybody heard it\nsince then?\n\nAt this point, I have been monitoring it using Anton's (ZR6AIC)\nWebSDR as it makes daytime passes over South Africa.  These occur\nbetween 7:30 and 9:00 UTC, which translates to 3:30 and 5:00 AM here\nin EN82 land.  This is tough, as I am not a morning person.\nSometimes, however, you have to do these things; helping build a\nsatellite might be a once-in-a-lifetime event.  During these passes,\nwhere it has already spent a significant amount of time in sunlight,\nthe battery voltage is below 3400 mV.  Is the battery going bad?\nWhile it is certainly possible the battery has suffered from some\nloss of charge capacity, one has to remember it is does not generate\nenergy; it merely stores it.  Since it is the solar power system that\ngenerates the power used by the satellite and stored in the battery,\ncould the drop in battery voltage be due to a degradation in solar\npower generation?\n\nBack around May 12, I noticed the MPPT (solar) current readings were\ntypically less than 10 mA.  This much lower than it should be.  To\nbetter understand what might be going on, a new chart was added to\nthe telemetry spreadsheet which shows both the battery voltage and\nthe MPPT (solar) current (with the zero readings removed), each with\nits own linear regression line.  This chart can be seen from the\nfollowing URL:\n\nhttps://www.dropbox.com/sh/l3919wtfiywk2gf/\nAABKSR5V4cOvEPqPYbs8QYZNa/Telemetry-analysis/Current-\nTelemetry/Battery-Voltage-MPPT-Current-Chart.pdf\n\nNotice how the MPPT current trend line has been sloping downward,\nsimilar to that of the battery voltage.  Moreover, starting 2 weeks\nbefore June 4, 2015 (each X axis division on the chart represents 2\nweeks time), each reading has been at or below the trend line.\n\nA more striking comparison can be seen by doing the following:\n1. Zoom in of the Battery-Voltage-MPPT-Current-Chart to show the 4\nweek interval starting May 7, 2015, and ending June 4, 2015\n(see https://www.dropbox.com/sh/l3919wtfiywk2gf/\nAACdQtySHZW3kVl7UMgSrxfHa/Telemetry-analysis/Battery-Voltage-MPPT-\nCurrent-Comparison-2015-05/Battery-Voltage-MPPT-Current-2015-05.pdf)\n\n2. Zoom in of the Battery-Voltage-MPPT-Current-Chart to show the 4\nweek interval starting May 8, 2014, and ending June 5, 2014\n(see https://www.dropbox.com/sh/l3919wtfiywk2gf/\nAACracUWkivilfsKGBUFkmDXa/Telemetry-analysis/Battery-Voltage-MPPT-\nCurrent-Comparison-2015-05/Battery-Voltage-MPPT-Current-2014-05.pdf)\n\n[Editor's Note: The URLs above don't port well via tinyurl.com and\nhave been truncated to fit the ANS format requirements. They should\nbe copy and pasted as a continuous line to work with most browsers.]\n\nIn comparing these charts, it is clear both the battery voltage and\nthe MPPT current were significantly lower this year that during the\nsame period last year.  On June 5, 2014, the trend line value for\nbattery voltage was about 3610 mV, and for MPPT current was about 30\nmA.  One year later (June 4, 2015), the trend line value for battery\nvoltage was about 3380 mV, and for MMPT current was about 14 mA.\nTherefore, while it is likely the battery has suffered some loss of\ncapacity, it appears the low battery voltage is due to low solar\npower output.  There are many possible reasons for this, including:\n\n* Solar cell damage due to sputtering: since there was no protective\ncovering on the solar cells, impacts from high energy particles can\ndamage the cells, causing a drop in output.\n\n* Solar cell damage due to thermal cycling:  We know from telemetry\ndata the interior of the satellite cycle between +30 degrees C and -\n30 degrees C each orbit.  It is likely the exterior temperatures\nexperienced higher extremes, and this periodic thermal cycling may\nhave caused the solar cells to fracture, thus leading to a drop in\noutput.\n\n* Short circuit failure of one or more of the diodes which isolate\neach MPP tracker output, which can cause an inactive MPP tracker (one\nwhose corresponding solar panel is not facing the sun) to load an\nactive one (one whose corresponding solar panel is facing the sun).\n\nBecause of the limited amount of telemetry gathered, it may not be\npossible to determine the exact cause.  If the solar output power\ncontinues to drop, the battery voltage may never get above the 3300\nmV threshold needed to enable the transmitter, at which point we will\nlose the ability to monitor its status.  Even if this does happen,\nhowever, we never really thought it would last this long.  We would\nhave been happy if it just worked, and really happy if it lasted a\nmonth or two.  19 months - this is way beyond what any of us expected!\n\nAs of June 25, 2015, the orbit has decayed by about 73 km since\nlaunch.  Since April 21, 2015, it has been decaying at a rate of\nabout 1 km per week.  Apogee is now at 561 km, and perigee is at 529\nkm.\n\nThe following are the TLEs from 2015-06-25:\n\nEAGLE 2\n1 39436U 13066W   15176.16386703  .00013608  00000-0  90105-3 0  9991\n2 39436  97.7444 252.3622 0022818  80.2035 280.1767 15.07230510 86697\n\nAgain, if anyone wants to make an attempt at predicting when it will\nde-orbit, here is some useful information:\n\nAverage cross-sectional area = 0.014252 m^2\nMass = 210 g\nArea/mass ratio = 0.06787 m^2/kg\n\n>From the 2015-06-25 TLEs:\nSemi-major axis: 6922.8 km\nEccentricity: 0.0022818\nApogee: 560.6\nPerigee: 529.0\n\nAs always, please post any telemetry, or for that matter, any\nreception reports to the Yahoo discussion group.  We would especially\nlike to encourage our friends in the southern hemisphere to listen\nfor $50SAT/MO-76/Eagle-2.  We really appreciate everyone who has\nprovided reception reports and telemetry as well as access to their\nWebSDRs.  To date, we have 3,098 individual error-free telemetry\ncaptures, and the vast majority of these did not come from Stuart,\nHowie, or I.\n\n73 Michael Kirkhart KD8QBA\n$50SAT/MO-76/Eagle-2 team\n\n$50SAT is one of the smallest amateur radio satellites ever launched\nat 5x5x7.5 cm and weighs only 210 grams. Transmitter power is just\n100 mW on 437.505 MHz (+/-9 kHz Doppler shift) FM CW/RTTY. It uses\nthe low cost Hope RFM22B single chip radio and PICaxe 40X2 processor.\n\n$50SAT has been a collaborative education project between Professor\nBob Twiggs, KE6QMD, Morehead State University and three other radio\namateurs, Howie DeFelice, AB2S, Michael Kirkhart, KD8QBA, and Stuart\nRobinson, GW7HPW.\n\nFurther information in the $50SAT Dropbox\nhttps://www.dropbox.com/sh/l3919wtfiywk2gf/-HxyXNsIr8\n\nThere is a discussion group for $50SAT\nhttp://groups.yahoo.com/groups/50dollarsat/\n\n50DollarSat http://www.50dollarsat.info/\n\n{ANS thanks Michael KD8QBA and Southgate ARN for the above\ninformation]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nInternational Space Colloquium at Guildford\n\nThe AMSAT-UK International Space Colloquium will be held on July 24-\n26 at the Holiday Inn, Guildford, GU2 7XZ, UK.\n\nAmong the speakers will be:\n• Peter Guelzow DB2OS with an update on AMSAT-DL projects, including\nthe Phase 4 satellite\n• Chris Brunskill, formerly of Surrey Space Centre (SSC), now\nworking at the Space Catapult at the Harwell Campus. He will be\npresenting an extremely novel project aimed at schools and education\n• It is hoped the BATC will be able to demonstrate live Digital TV\nreception from the International Space Station, using the Ham TV\nsystem\n• Drew Glasbrenner KO4MA, from AMSAT North America will be\nattending, and presenting the latest news of the FOX satellite(s) due\nfor launch later this year, and also on their Phase 4 project\n\nThe Colloquium is open to all further information is at\nhttp://amsat-uk.org/colloquium/\n\n[ANS thanks AMSAT-UK for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nWD9EWK California road trip July 9-13\n\nPatrick WD9EWK/VA7EWK will be driving to southern California next\nThursday (9 July), in advance of a presentation he will give for the\nEscondido Amateur Radio Society that evening. After that\npresentation, and after spending the next day (Friday, 10 July) in\nand around San Diego, he will head north. Other than a planned stop\nat the DM04/DM05 grid boundary north of Los Angeles (the same spot he\nstopped at last September, near Mojave CA and Edwards AFB), He may be\ngoing to head further north. He hopes to have some time to go either\nnorth through the San Joaquin Valley, or over to the Pacific coast,\nor some sort of loop to see a lot more of central California.\n\nWhereas there is not a set itinerary for the portion of his trip\nafter the DM04/DM05 stop, he has asked other satellite operators via\nTwitter for feedback on some grids that would make for worthwhile\nvisits during his trip. Patrick is asking for feedback, \"If I look to\ngo up or down the Pacific coast, grids I could visit include CM94\nthrough CM96, and possibly even as far north as Santa Cruz and the\nalmost-all-wet grid CM86. If I stay inland, DM0x grids would be where\nI'd probably drive through. I'm not planning to go all the way up to\nthe Bay Area, although Santa Cruz is not that far from San Jose. Any\nthoughts from the crowd here, on grids that I should try to visit\nbetween 11 and 13 July?\"\n\nOn his return trek to Phoenix on 13 July, he could be able to make a\nstop on the DM23/DM24 boundary, either north of Quartzsite on the\nArizona side of the Colorado River, or just across the river along US-\n95 in California. This stop will depend on whether or not a satellite\npass is available as he passes through that area. Patrick notes that\nhe won't be passing that way on his trip out to San Diego.\n\nDuring his travels he will be running APRS using WD9EWK-9, which\nshould be visible on sites like http://aprs.fi/WD9EWK-9 . Check his\ntwitter feed, @WD9EWK, for updates. Any QSOs made will be uploaded to\nLogbook of the World.\n\n[ANS thanks Patrick WD9EWK/VA7EWK for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nARISS Poster Presented at ISS R&D Conference\n\nFrank Bauer,KA3HDO, on behalf of ARISS-US team will host a poster\npresentation “Educational Outreach and International Collaboration\nThrough ARISS---Amateur Radio on the International Space Station”\nduring the 4th Annaul International Space Station Research and\nDevelopment Conference July 7-9, 2015.\n\nThe poster is a colaborative work by members of the ARISS-US\nExecutive team and outlines the objectives, capabilities, and impact\nthat amateur radio plays in international collaboration and STEM\neducation engagement aboard the International Space Station. Poster\nare available for viewing throught the conference and are the center\nattraction during one of the receptions where Bauer will be available\nto answer questions. This is the second year that ARISS has been\nrepresented at the conference.\n\nThe ISS R&D conference is being held in the Marriott Copley Hotel in\nthe center of Boston, MA.\n\nEach morning of the 4th International Space Station Research &\nDevelopment Conference will be webcast live starting at 8:00 am\neastern on July 7.  Opening remarks by Michael Suffredini, Manager,\nISS Program Office, NASA JSC, will be followed by a conversation with\nElon Musk, CEO and Lead Designer, SpaceX. To watch at no charge visit\nhttp://www.issconference.org/livestream.php\n\n[ANS thanks ARISS, the American Astronautical Society for the above\ninformation]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nHelp Wanted - Editor-in-Chief for the AMSAT Journal\n\nAMSAT is looking for an Editor-in-Chief for the AMSAT Journal. This\nposition is now open due to the expansion of opportunities in the\nUser Services Department. Our current editor, JoAnne Maenpaa, K9JKM,\nis also the Vice President of User Services. The Officers and the\nBoard have discovered that it is impossible for a single volunteer to\naccomplish management of the AMSAT Journal with the other pending\nUser Services leadership requirements.\n\nHence we are planning on a handover in editorship when a suitable\ncandidate is found. Experience with the Adobe InDesign CS6\npublication system would be helpful (AMSAT provides the software).\nHowever, this publishing system resembles a word processor on\nsteroids; while there is a learning curve it will not be impossible.\n\nThe editor-in-chief will continue to lead the team of Journal\nassistant editors arranging for content to publish.  To volunteer\nsend an e-mail to JoAnne Maenpaa, K9JKM at: [email protected]\n\n[ANS thanks JoAnne K9JKM for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nARISS News\n\nRecent Contacts\n\n+ A telebridge contact with students at Universidad Tecnológica de\nChile INACAP sede Temuco, Temuco, Chile was successful Fri 2015-06-\n26.  Contact was established at about 18.50 UTC via ARISS ground\nstation W6SRJ in Santa Rosa, CA, USA.  Though the signal from the ISS\nwas strong and clear, a delayed start for the interview meant that\nthere was time for four questions for the Russian cosmonaut.\nResponding to one of the questions during the interview that was\nconducted in English, the Russian crew member explained that the\ntemperature outside the ISS varies between +120° and -120° Celsius.\n\nSchool Information:\nWe are a technical university located in Temuco city, 700 kms south\nof Santiago de Chile and we are planning this event together with\ntelecommunications engineering area. Our university has direct\ncontact with local schools which will be taking part on the event\nthat day. We are planning to invite around 400-500 students because\nwe will organize an open science fair called \"telecommunications and\nspace\" and we will be teaching them radio communications, antennas\nand space science along with professional astronomers and engineers.\n\nThe children will be from five or six different schools located in\nTemuco and surrounding rural areas. We will coordinate with the\nschools to select the students and ask their own questions.\nUpcoming ARISS Contact Schedule\n\n+ A direct contact with students at Tulsa Community College, Northeast\nCampus,Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA was successful Wed 2015-07-01 15:59:17\nUTC 20 deg. Students ranging in age from 60 to 13 asked cosmonaut\nGennady Pedalka, RN3DT thirteen questions. The interview included a\nquestion from a deaf engineering student that was managed through an\ninterpreter. Preparing for the contact, students assembled the ground\nstation that was used to make the contact and participated in an\nantenna design contest.  Students tested their antennas by hand\ntracking the ISS.  They practiced doing receiving tests with the\nassembled ground station prior to the day of the contact to sharpen\ntheir skills.\n\nA video recording of the contact is available at:\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZVWkPPLCEM&feature=youtu.be\n\nSchool information:\nTCC is Oklahoma’s largest community college with more students and\nmore degree earners than any other community college in the state. We\noffer students a choice of 235 associate degree and certificate of\ncompletion programs of study. TCC students come from every walk of\nlife, and our graduates work in all sectors of business and industry\nto help build a stronger, more diverse economy.  Four campuses\n(Metro, NE, SE, and W) serve the Tulsa, Oklahoma area.\n\nIf you're passionate about electronics, criminal justice,\nhorticulture, engineering, computer networking, human services, fire\nemergency services, interpreter education or aviation science,\n\"Northeast\" is the campus for you. Located near Tulsa's industrial\nand aerospace hub, the campus is perfect if you're seeking a career\nin high-tech business or service-focused careers.  Along with a\nstrong educational curriculum, the campus is home to the Resource\nCenter for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, offering access to higher\neducation for all segments of the population.\n\nThe TCC Electronics club started in the early 1980’s on the NE\nCampus which is where the Electronics and Engineering Technology\nclasses are offered.  Amateur Radio activities were added in 2000\n(the year an instructor came on board as the only HAM operator), and\nwe became an “ARRL” affiliated club in 2005.  Now the TCC-ARC station\nconsists of two towers for HF and VHF, along with two EME and Radio\nAstronomy arrays.\n\nUpcoming Contacts\n\nA direct contact with students at Kopernik Observatory, Vestal, NY,\nUSA is planned for the week of July 6.  More details will be provided\nwhen the schedule is confirmed at www.ariss.org.\n\n>From  2015-06-11 to 2015-07-24, there will be no US Operational\nSegment (USOS) hams  on board ISS.  So any school contacts during\nthis period will be conducted  by the ARISS Russia  team.\n\n[ANS thanks ARISS, Charlie AJ9N and David AA4KN for the above\ninformation]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\nSatellite Shorts From All Over\n\n+ Space Related Special Event DX Short\n\nEUROPEAN RUSSIA, UA.  Special event station UE40SA is QRV until July\n20 to commemorate the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 40 years ago.  QSL\nvia GM0WRR.\n\n[ANS thanks ARLD026 DX news for the above information]\n\n+ Forever Remembered exhibit\n\nAstronaut artifacts line the walls of a new, permanent memorial\ncalled \"Forever Remembered,\" at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor\nComplex in Florida. NASA and astronaut families collaborated on the\nmemorial designed to honor the crews lost on missions STS-51L and STS-\n107, pay tribute to space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, and\nemphasize the importance of learning from the past. The memorial\ncontains the largest collection of personal items of both flight\ncrews and includes recovered hardware from both shuttles, never\nbefore displayed for the public.\n\n[ANS thanks This Week @ NASA for the above information]\n\n+ NESC Academy Online\n\nThe NESC Academy was established by the NASA Engineering and Safety\nCenter (NESC), headquartered at NASA Langley Research Center, to\nenable effective knowledge capture and transfer and ensure technical\ninformation remains viable and accessible.\n\nThe NESC Academy provides a forum through which senior technical\nexperts can teach critical competencies required to effectively\naccomplish the NASA mission. The online courses were conducted by\ndiscipline experts and provide the unique opportunity to share\ncritical knowledge with broad audiences in a self paced manner.\n\nFor more information visit\nhttp://nescacademy.nasa.gov\n\n[ANS thanks NASA-Space for the above information]\n\n+ Fox-1 Update\n\nAs of Tuesday morning the GRACE mission CubeSats including Fox-1\nwere successfully transported to VAFB and mated to the Aft Bulkhead\nCarrier (ABC) plate. Wednesday instrumentation was completed, GRACE\nCubeSats are ready and waiting to be attached to the Centaur which\nshould occur later this month.\n\n[ANS thanks Jerry N0JY for the above information]\n\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n/EX\n\nAMSAT User Services and the Editors of the AMSAT New Service pass on\nour condolences to ANS Weekly Co-Editor Joe Spier K6WAO and his\nfamily on the death of Joe's mother this week.\n\nIn addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership in the\nPresident's Club. Members of the President's Club, as sustaining\ndonors to AMSAT Project Funds, will be eligible to receive addi-\ntional benefits. Application forms are available from the AMSAT\nOffice.\n\nPrimary and secondary school students are eligible for membership\nat one-half the standard yearly rate. Post-secondary school students\nenrolled in at least half time status shall be eligible for the stu-\ndent rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary years in this status.\nContact Martha at the AMSAT Office for additional student membership\ninformation.\n\n73,\nThis week's ANS Editor,\nEMike McCardel, KC8YLD\nkc8yld at amsat dot org\n",
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