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    "url": "https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/api/list/[email protected]/email/VTXY7D5OTFSR7XWJTUCODUNTLZG77RZC/?format=api",
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    "message_id": "CADDbS5AP7sA+tHF9Wn_ewr6jhinftffGDtbQztzRUvPt6ds_EA@mail.gmail.com",
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    "sender": {
        "address": "k0jm.mark (a) gmail.com",
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    "sender_name": "Mark Johns, K0JM",
    "subject": "[ANS] ANS-295 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins",
    "date": "2023-10-22T00:00:00Z",
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    "content": "AMSAT NEWS SERVICE\nANS-295\n\nIn this edition:\n\n* AMSAT Board Appoints Officers, Hears Reports\n* AMSAT Board Discusses Policies and Procedures\n* AMSAT Symposium Takes Place in Dallas\n* ESTCube-2 Fails to Deploy After Launch\n* Scientists Confirm Ancient Solar Storm\n* Changes to AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution for Oct. 19\n* EVA Event Upcoming on ISS\n* ARISS News\n* Upcoming Satellite Operations\n* Hamfests, Conventions, Maker Faires, and Other Events\n* Satellite Shorts From All Over\n\nThe AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and information\nservice of AMSAT, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. ANS publishes\nnews related to Amateur Radio in Space including reports on the activities\nof a worldwide group of Amateur Radio operators who share an active\ninterest in designing, building, launching and communicating through analog\nand digital Amateur Radio satellites.\n\nThe news feed on http://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur Radio in\nSpace as soon as our volunteers can post it.\n\nPlease send any amateur satellite news or reports to: ans-editor [at]\namsat.org\n\nYou can sign up for free e-mail delivery of the AMSAT News Service\nBulletins via the ANS List; to join this list see:\nhttps://mailman.amsat.org/postorius/lists/ans.amsat.org/\n\nANS-295 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins\n\nTo: All RADIO AMATEURS\nFrom: Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation\n712 H Street NE, Suite 1653\nWashington, DC 20002\n\nDATE 2023 OCT 22\n\n\nAMSAT Board Appoints Officers, Hears Reports\n\nThe AMSAT Board of Directors met on Thursday, Oct. 19 in Dallas, Texas in\nadvance of the annual meeting and Symposium.\n\n+ Since Board members whose terms were expiring were all re-elected, the\nBoard was as previously constituted. Frank Karnauskas was welcomed as the\nnew Alternate Board member.\n\n+ All officers were re-appointed by acclamation:\n    President -- Robert Bankston, KE4AL, Dothan, AL\n    Executive Vice President -- Paul Stoetzer, N8HM, Washington, DC\n    Vice President - Engineering -- Jerry Buxton, N0JY, Granbury, TX\n    Vice President - Operations -- Drew Glasbrenner, KO4MA, Brooksville, FL\n    Vice President - Educational Relations -- Alan Johnston, KU2Y,\nPhiladelphia, PA\n    Vice President - Development -- Frank Karnauskas, N1UW, Tucson, AZ\n    Treasurer -- Steve Belter, N9IP, West Lafayette, IN\n    Secretary -- Jeff Davis, KE9V, Yorktown, IN\n\n+ President Robert Bankston gave his President's Report. His focus was on\nimproving transparency and accountability between AMSAT leadership and\nmembership. This would include better reporting of finances, better\nstandards for publishing our accomplishments, more attention to Member\nServices for member satisfaction, and redesign of the AMSAT website.\n\n+ Treasurer Steve Belter was not in attendance, but the Treasurer's Report\nwas given on his behalf. The financial status of the organization is\nhealthy.\n\n+ Alan Johnston, Vice President - Educational Relations, reported that the\nCubeSat Simulators are getting good use in the amateur community, as well\nas in universities and high schools. The Simulator circuit boards have been\nselling well, and the fully built loaners are circulating constantly. An\nupgraded Simulator board, v.2, is in beta, and testers will be recruited\nfrom among builders of version 1. A new v.2 kit should become available\nnext year.\n\n+ The engineering report by Jerry Buxton, Vice President - Engineering, and\nJonathan Brandenburg, KF5IDY, Assistant Vice President - Engineering. The\nengineering team now consists of more than 35 volunteers, each working 4 to\n5 hours per week, on various projects for Fox-Plus, GOLF, ASCENT, and other\nrelated efforts. Recruiting of engineering volunteers is ongoing.\n   Engineering challenges include supply chain problems and inflationary\npressures. As technology advances quickly, some components become\nunavailable in the space between planning and construction. Export\nAdministration Regulations (EAR) make international cooperation difficult.\n   The GOLF (Greater Orbit, Larger Footprint) program was approved in 2017\nas an incremental development path for return to High Earth Orbit (HEO).\nApplications for the first two satellites in this program, GOLF-TEE and\nGOLF-1, have both been accepted by NASA. The satellites are under\nconstruction, and the first will be delivered to NASA in late 2025, but\nthere is no time frame for launch at this time.\n   ASCENT (Advanced Satellite Communication and Exploration of New\nTechnology) allows a \"sandbox\" for future satellite systems to be explored\nfor eventual flight. Some of these projects are being incorporated into\nGOLF, including the deployable solar panels and the 3U cubesat structure.\n   Fox-Plus, a 1U cubesat, is currently under construction utilizing the\nLinear Transponder Module similar to those that have been supplied to\npartners such as HuskySat and MESAT-1. The first Fox-Plus satellite will be\ncompleted no earlier than late 2024, with no time frame for launch at this\ntime.\n\n+ Vice President - Operations, Drew Glasbrenner, gave a rundown on\nsatellites in orbit. We have a number of old satellites that keep chugging\nalong, and the Operations team manages these resources as possible.\n\n+ Vice President - Development, Frank Karnauskas, reported on plans to\ncelebrate the 50th anniversary of AO-07 and the publicity surrounding it.\nThere was also discussion of the AMSAT News Service bulletins and how they\nare distributed.\n\n+ The IT report focused on the availability of @amsat.org email accounts.\nCosts of maintaining this service have increased immensely, and there have\nbeen many problems with spam filters crushing mail sent through this\nservice.\n\n+ Board Member Bruce Paige, KK5DO, reported on AMSAT Field Day and the\nawards programs. The AMSAT Store, reached through the amsat.org website,\ncontinues to do a brisk business with the SatPC32 tracking program being\nthe best seller.\n\n+ Export Control and Economic Sanctions Compliance Training was the last\nitem on the agenda. President Bankston briefed the Board on current legal\nrequirements.\n\n[ANS thanks AMSAT for the above information]\n\n+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+\nThe 2023 AMSAT President's Club coins are here now!\nTo commemorate the 40th anniversary of its launch\non June 16, 1983, this year's coin features\nan image of AMSAT-OSCAR 10.\nJoin the AMSAT President's Club today and help\nKeep Amateur Radio in Space!\nhttps://www.amsat.org/join-the-amsat-presidents-club/\n+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+\n\nAMSAT Board Discusses Policies and Procedures\n\nPresident Robert Bankston reconvened the Board of Directors on Friday\nmorning, Oct. 20. Bankston opened with a discussion of AMSAT’s policies and\nprocedures, specifically the financial policies and procedures.\n\nDiscussion ensued regarding communicating information regarding Engineering\nprojects and a public release of schedules. In some cases, legal agreements\npreclude release of specific launch information.\n\nDiscussion also continued regarding budgeting procedures for Engineering\nprojects. Bankston compiled a list of further items for new business to\ndiscuss by the end of the meeting. Further new business discussion followed.\n\nPaul Stoetzer raised the issue of a document repository to manage corporate\ndocuments for\nimproving management and communication. It was broadly agreed that AMSAT\nwould seek a\nsolution in concert with the IT team.\n\nDrew Glasbrenner was recognized to discuss a potential updated satellite\ntracking software.\n\nA concern was raised that more senior AMSAT leadership should attend\nvarious conferences and events. It was agreed that there would be an\nincrease in the amount budgeted for attendance at conferences in the 2024\nBudget.\n\nThere was discussion of allocating funds for services would be contracted\nfor user services, since AMSAT no longer has any employees.\n\nA discussion also ensued on the AMSAT IP Policy. It was agreed that ideas\nfor updating it would be developed and discussed in January.\n\nAlternate Director Frank Karnauskas was recognized to discuss the need to\ndefine positions before filling them with volunteers. Some feel that\npositions need to be flexible in order to fit the willingness of volunteers.\n\nJerry Buxton opened discussion of ITU/FCC satellite authorization. He\nsuggested obtaining external support to handle applications for satellite\nauthorization. Drew Glasbrenner, as the AMSAT licensee, concurred. It was\nbroadly agreed that it would be a benefit.\n\nAs the 50th anniversary of AO-7 draws near, plans are in the works for\ncelebrating the anniversary.\n\nAlso discussed were potential locations for the 2024 Symposium. It was\nbroadly agreed that Florida would be the location.\n\nPresident Bankston mentioned his desire for re-engagement with our sister\nAMSATs around the world on satellite programs. The Board broadly agreed\nthat the President should reach out to\ninternational AMSAT leadership and begin discussions.\n\nThe need was discussed for an updating of the Getting Started Guide and the\nneed for a new editor.\n\nPresident Bankston adjourned the meeting so that all could move on to\nattending the 41st AMSAT Symposium.\n\n[ANS thanks Paul Stoetzer, Acting Secretary, for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAMSAT Symposium Takes Place in Dallas\n\nThe 41st AMSAT Space Symposium & Annual General Meeting was held October\n20-21 in Dallas, Texas. Nearly 60 participants were in attendance. The\nSymposium sessions will be available for viewing on AMSAT's YouTube channel\nat https://www.youtube.com/@AMSATNA/\n\nFriday, October 20\n+ Welcome from Robert Bankston, KE4AL, AMSAT President\n\n+ A Survey of Small Satellite Propulsion Systems by Jonathan Brandenburg,\nKF5IDY, AMSAT Assistant VP Engineering\n\n+ AMSAT Engineering Update from Jerry Buxton, N0JY, AMSAT VP Engineering;\nJonathan Brandenburg, KF5IDY, AMSAT Assistant VP Engineering; sZach\nMetzinger, N0ZGO, AMSAT Board of Directors\n\n+ PACSAT Update and Demonstration by Bill Reed, NX5R, PACSAT Project\nManager, et al\n\nSaturday, October 21\n+ Welcome from Robert Bankston, KE4AL, AMSAT President\n\n+ CubeSatSim Update and Demonstration by Alan Johnston, KU2Y, AMSAT VP\nEducational Resources\n\n+ ThinSat Project for High Schools by Nick Pugh, K5QXY, and Bob Twiggs,\nKE6QMD\n\n+ AMSAT Youth Initiative by Frank Karnauskas, N1UW, AMSAT VP Development\n\n+ Amateur Radio Spectrum Use in the Lunar Environment by Frank Bauer,\nKA3HDO, ARISS-NA Executive Director\n\n+ Amateur Satellite Secondary Payloads by Drew Glasbrenner, AMSAT Board of\nDirectors/VP Operations\n\n+ AMSAT-HB Update from Michael Lipp, HB9WDF, President, AMSAT-HB\n\n+ ARISS Update from Dave Taylor, W8AAS, AMSAT U.S. Delegate to ARISS\nInternational\n\n+ 40th Anniversary of Hams in Space & 2024 Anniversary Event by Frank\nBauer, KA3HDO, ARISS-NA Executive Director\n\n+ Planned Non-AMSAT Amateur Satellites by Paul Stoetzer, N8HM, AMSAT\nExecutive Vice President\n\n+ Space Qualified Antennas by Kent Britain, WA5VJB\n\nThe session was followed by the AMSAT Annual General Meeting & Awards\nCeremony, and in the evening, by the AMSAT Symposium Banquet.\n\n[ANS thanks AMSAT for the above information]\n\n+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+\n\n     Need new satellite antennas? Purchase Arrows, Alaskan Arrows,\n    and M2 LEO-Packs from the AMSAT Store. When you purchase through\n           AMSAT, a portion of the proceeds goes towards\n                  Keeping Amateur Radio in Space.\n           https://amsat.org/product-category/hardware/\n\n+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+\n\nESTCube-2 Fails to Deploy After Launch\n\nA pair of payloads that were among 12 carried to orbit aboard the\nArianespace-managed Vega VV23 flight failed to be deployed and likely\nburned up in the atmosphere still attached to the rocket’s upper stage.\n\nThe Vega VV23 flight was launched on October 9 at 01:36 UTC from the Guiana\nSpace Centre in French Guiana. The rocket carried the THEOS-2 and\nFORMOSAT-7R/TRITON satellites as its primary payloads and ten smaller\nsatellites as secondary payloads.\n\nFollowing a successful launch, Arianespace published a press release\nconfirming that the two primary payloads and eight of the ten secondary\npayloads had been deployed. However, the launch services provider added\nthat “the separation of the last 2 cubesats is still to be confirmed.”\n\nThe launch utilized the Small Spacecraft Mission Service (SSMS) dispenser,\nwhich was designed by SAB Aerospace for Avio and is operated by Arianespace\nwith the support of SAB Launch Services.\n\nIn an email sent by Arianespace to the affected teams that European\nSpaceflight has seen, the launch services provider explained that the\nESTCube-2 and ANSER-Leader cubesats likely failed to separate from their\nrespective deployers.\n\n“Following the VEGA VV23 launch last Sunday, ARIANESPACE has now the strong\nsuspicion that your satellites ESTCube-2 and ANSER-Leader were\nunfortunately not separated from their respective deployers,” said the\nemail.\n\nESTcube-2, a 3U cubesat, was built by the Estonian Student Satellite\nFoundation and was supposed to carry a 9600bps digipeater similar to the\nformer FalconSat-3, as well as several other amateur-related experiments.\n\n[ANS thanks European Spaceflight for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nScientists Confirm Ancient Solar Storm\n\nThe largest known solar storm struck Earth more than 14,000 years ago,\naccording to a new study of the growth rings in ancient trees. A similar\nstorm striking Earth at present would likely knock out radio communications\nand satellites while causing widespread blackouts.\n\nCarbon-14 (C14), the rarest carbon isotope on the planet, is primarily\nformed by cosmic rays emitted by the Sun through solar flares and coronal\nmass ejections interacting with the Earth's atmosphere. The radioactive\ncarbon isotope can eventually be absorbed by living organisms — like trees,\nplants and animals — throughout their lifetimes. The amount of C14 in\ncertain organisms can reflect how abundant the isotope was in the\natmosphere and, by extension, the amount of solar activity present at a\ngiven time.\n\nA team of scientists discovered evidence of the storm by measuring the\nlevels of C14 in rings of ancient pine trees that lived in the French Alps\nmore than 14,000 years ago.\n\nThe researchers hypothesized that the abrupt spike was likely from a\nmassive solar storm that was probably two times larger than all other major\nstorms on record.\n\nTo verify their hypothesis, the researchers turned to ice cores, or\ncylinders of ice drilled from ice sheets and glaciers. They discovered that\nthe C14 spike in the trees corresponded with an unusual concentration of\nberyllium-10 from between 14,301 and 14,292 years ago found in a Greenland\nice core.\n\nTim Heaton, a professor of applied statistics at the University of Leeds\nand a co-author of the new study in the journal, Philosophical Transactions\nof the Royal Society A, noted that, \"Extreme solar storms could have huge\nimpacts on Earth. They would also create severe radiation risks to\nastronauts.\"\n\n[ANS thanks Axios Space for the above information]\n\n+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+\n\n    Want to fly the colors on your own grid expedition?\n            Get your AMSAT car flag and other neat stuff\n                    from our Zazzle store!\n        25% of the purchase price of each product goes\n            towards Keeping Amateur Radio in Space\n              https://www.zazzle.com/amsat_gear\n\n+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+\n\nChanges to AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution for Oct. 19\n\nTwo Line Elements or TLEs, often referred to as Keplerian elements or keps\nin the amateur community, are the inputs to the SGP4 standard mathematical\nmodel of spacecraft orbits used by most amateur tracking programs. Weekly\nupdates are completely adequate for most amateur satellites. Elements in\nthe TLE bulletin files are updated daily. TLE bulletin files are updated to\nadd or remove satellites as necessary Thursday evenings around 2300 UTC, or\nmore frequently if new high interest satellites are launched. More\ninformation may be found at\nhttps://www.amsat.org/keplerian-elements-resources/\n\nThe following satellites have been removed from this week's AMSAT-NA TLE\ndistribution:\n\nRobusta 1B NORAD Cat ID 42792 Decayed from orbit on or about 16 October 2023\nLO-87 LUSEX NORAD Cat ID 41557 Decayed from orbit on or about 19 October\n2023\n\n[ANS thanks AMSAT Orbital Elements page for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nEVA Event Upcoming on ISS\n\nTwo NASA astronauts aboard the International Space Station will conduct a\nspacewalk Monday, Oct. 30, to complete maintenance activities at the\norbital complex.\n\nLive coverage of the spacewalk begins at 6:30 a.m. EDT on NASA Television,\nthe NASA app<https://www.nasa.gov/apps/>, and the agency’s website<\nhttps://www.nasa.gov/nasatv/>. The spacewalk is scheduled to begin about\n8:05 a.m., and last about six-and-a-half hours.\n\nNASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli, KI5WSL, and Loral O’Hara, KI5TOM, will\nexit the station’s Quest airlock to remove an electronics box called the\nRadio Frequency Group from a communications antenna on station. They also\nwill replace one of 12 trundle bearing assemblies on a solar alpha rotary\njoint. The bearings enable the station’s solar arrays to rotate properly to\ntrack the Sun as the station orbits the Earth. When looking at the space\nstation, the antenna is on the starboard (right side) truss, and the rotary\njoint is on the port, or left side.\n\nU.S. spacewalk 89 will be the first for both Moghbeli and O’Hara. Moghbeli\nwill serve as extravehicular activity crew member 1 and will wear a suit\nwith red stripes. O’Hara will serve as extravehicular crew member 2 and\nwill wear an unmarked suit.\n\nStation managers continue planning for another spacewalk with O’Hara, as\nwell as ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Andreas Mogensen, to collect\nsamples for analysis to see whether microorganisms may exist on the\nexterior of the orbital complex. That spacewalk, which now is U.S.\nspacewalk 90, has been postponed to no earlier than December.\n\n[As always, if there is an EVA, a docking, or an undocking; the ARISS\nradios are turned off as part of the safety protocol.]\n\n[ANS thanks NASA for the above information]\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nARISS NEWS\n\nAmateurs and others around the world may listen in on contacts between\namateurs operating in schools and allowing students to interact with\nastronauts and cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station. The\ndownlink frequency on which to listen is 145.800 MHz worldwide.\n\nRECENTLY COMPLETED\nValley Stream South High School, Valley Stream, NY, telebridge via IK1SLD\nThe ISS callsign was OR4ISS\nThe crewmember was Andreas Mogensen, KG5GCZ\nThe ARISS mentor was AB1OC\nContact was successful: Tue 2023-10-17 12:25:03 UTC 38 deg\nCongratulations to the Valley Stream South High School students, Andreas,\nand mentor AB1OC!\nWatch the video at https://youtube.com/live/g74NbsTEvVw?feature=share\n\nSt Peter in Thanet CE Junior School, Broadstairs, Kent, United Kingdom,\ndirect via GB4SPT\nThe ISS callsign was NA1SS\nThe crewmember was Loral O’Hara, KI5TOM\nThe ARISS mentor was MØXTD\nContact was successful: Wed 2023-10-18 09:57:49 UTC 89 deg\nCongratulations to the St Peter in Thanet CE Junior School students, Loral,\nand mentor MØXTD!\n\nUPCOMING:\nA. L. Burruss Elementary School, Marietta, GA, direct via K4RGK\nThe ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be NA1SS\nThe scheduled crewmember is Jasmin Moghbeli, KI5WSL\nThe ARISS mentor is K4RGK\nContact is go for: Tue 2023-10-24 16:14:50 UTC 74 deg\nWatch for Livestream at\nwww.youtube.com/channel/UCuI4sKDBpERtEFs9bFrRMFA/live\n\nThe crossband repeater continues to be active (145.990 MHz up {PL 67} &\n437.800 MHz down). If any crewmember is so inclined, all they have to do is\npick up the microphone, raise the volume up, and talk on the crossband\nrepeater.  So give a listen, you just never know.\n\nThe packet system is Temporarily stowed (145.825 MHz up & down).\n\nAs always, if there is an EVA, a docking, or an undocking; the ARISS radios\nare turned off as part of the safety protocol.\n\nNote, all times are approximate.  It is recommended that you do your own\norbital prediction or start listening about 10 minutes before the listed\ntime.\n\nThe latest information on the operation mode can be found at\nhttps://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html\n\nThe latest list of frequencies in use can be found at\nhttps://www.ariss.org/contact-the-iss.html\n\n[ANS thanks Charlie Sufana, AJ9N, one of the ARISS operation team mentors\nfor the above information]\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nUpcoming Satellite Operations\n\nRay, KN2K, will be in FM17 the morning of Wednesday, 25th October and will\nbe QRV for a number of morning passes. Check hams.at for details.\n\nPlease submit any additions or corrections to k5zm (at) comcast (dot) net.\n\n[ANS thanks Ian Parsons, K5ZM, AMSAT rover page manager, for the above\ninformation]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nHamfests, Conventions, Maker Faires, and Other Events\n\nAMSAT Ambassadors provide presentations, demonstrate communicating through\namateur satellites, and host information tables at club meetings, hamfests,\nconventions, maker faires, and other events.\n\n+ 41st AMSAT Space Symposium & Annual General Meeting\nOctober 20-21, 2023\nSheraton DFW Airport Hotel\n4440 W John Carpenter Fwy, Irving, TX 75063\n\nAMSAT Ambassador Clint Bradford, K6LCS, says,\n“Think a 75-minute presentation on “working the easy satellites” would be\nappropriate for your club or event? Let me know by emailing me at\nk6lcsclint (at) gmail (dot) com or calling me at 909-999-SATS (7287)!”\n\nClint has NEVER given the exact same show twice: EACH of the 150+\npresentations so far has been customized/tailored to their audiences.\n\n[ANS thanks the AMSAT Events page for the above information]\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nSatellite Shorts From All Over\n\n+ ARRL has released TQSL v.2.7.1 for Windows, Mac and Linux as of Oct. 17,\n2023. Users of Logbook of the World should update to the latest version at\ntheir earliest opportunity. (ANS thanks ARRL/LoTW for the above information)\n\n+ The presentations from the 50th Anniversary AMSAT-DL Satellite Meeting on\nSeptember 16, 2023 in Bochum are available on the AMSAT-DL YouTube channel:\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@amsatdl/videos. Though many are in German, some\npresentations are in English. (ANS thanks AMSAT-DL for the above\ninformation)\n\n+ The ISS experienced another coolant leak, this time on a radiator circuit\nthat is part of the Russian Nauka module—the crew and station are safe, and\nthere is a spacewalk planned later this month to investigate the root\ncause. (ANS thanks The Orbital Index for the above information)\n\n+ Researchers at Purdue University’s College of Science found metals high\nin Earth’s stratosphere. Those metals are altering the chemistry in our\nplanet’s atmosphere in ways we don’t fully understand, and may be causing\ndamage to the earth's protective ozone layer. The team concluded that the\naerosols of over 20 chemical elements, including lithium, aluminum, copper,\nand lead, come from vapour boiling off of the surfaces of spent boosters\nand other space debris as it re-enters the atmosphere and burns up. (ANS\nthanks Universe Today for the above information)\n\n+ SpaceX filed for a 29,988 satellite W-band network—likely around 71-86\nGHz which offers higher data rates but suffers more atmospheric\nattenuation—this filing is presumably part of SpaceX’s original 42,000\nsatellite proposed constellation and would quadruple the number of active\nsatellites that humanity has in orbit. (ANS thanks The Orbital Index for\nthe above information)\n\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nJoin AMSAT today at https://launch.amsat.org/\n\nIn addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership to:\n\n* Societies (a recognized group, clubs or organization).\n* Primary and secondary school students are eligible for membership at\none-half the standard yearly rate.\n* Post-secondary school students enrolled in at least half time status\nshall be eligible for the student rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary\nyears in this status.\n* Memberships are available for annual and lifetime terms.\n\nContact info [at] amsat.org for additional membership information.\n\n73 and remember to help Keep Amateur Radio in Space!\n\nThis week's ANS Editor, Mark Johns, KØJM\nk0jm [at] amsat.org\n\n\n",
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