WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

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Edward

28 Feb 2021 28 Feb '21

10:41 a.m.

Trying to locate a good source for these. M2 doesn't have these. Ideas pls?

73/Ed NI6S

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You are unlikely to find crossed yagis at those frequencies. More likely, you'll see loop yagis or helicals. Take a look at https://directivesystems.com/ -- Mark D. Johns, KØJM AMSAT Ambassador & News Service Editor Brooklyn Park, MN USA EN35hd ----------------------------------------------- "Heaven goes by favor; if it went by merit, you would stay out and your dog would go in." ---Mark Twain

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 4:42 AM Edward via AMSAT-BB [email protected] wrote:

...

Trying to locate a good source for these. M2 doesn't have these. Ideas pls?

73/Ed NI6S

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

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Adrian Engele

2:43 p.m.

Wimo in Germany has CP antennas at those frequencies. 73, Adrian AA5UK

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 7:30 AM, Mark Johns, K0JM[email protected] wrote: -----------------------------------------------------------

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KENT BRITAIN

4:01 p.m.

WA5VJB.COM Reference Section has some 1269 MHz CP Yagis that are pretty easy to build. And quite a variety of simple Yagi's for LEO birds. 73 Kent WA5VJB On Sunday, February 28, 2021, 08:43:46 AM CST, Adrian Engele via AMSAT-BB [email protected] wrote:

Wimo in Germany has CP antennas at those frequencies. 73, Adrian AA5UK

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 7:30 AM, Mark Johns, K0JM[email protected] wrote: -----------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------

Zach Metzinger

4:48 p.m.

On 2/28/21 10:01 AM, KENT BRITAIN wrote:

...

WA5VJB.COM Reference Section has some 1269 MHz CP Yagis that are pretty easy to build.

And quite a variety of simple Yagi's for LEO birds.

Also remember that the NanoVNA v2 has a frequency range that covers the 1.2GHz and 2.4GHz bands:

https://nanorfe.com/nanovna-v2.html

$130 is _extremely_ inexpensive for this much functionality, and it takes all the guesswork out of antenna matching.

--- Zach N0ZGO

saguaroastro

6:18 p.m.

R & L Electronics is selling the NANOVNA FOR $59.00. ,70.. after shipping. Mine is on the way.http://www.randl.com/shop/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=7514573Rick Tejera (K7TEJ)Saguaro Astronomy ClubWww.saguaroastro.orgThunderbird Astronomy ClubWww.w7tbc.org -------- Original message --------From: Zach Metzinger [email protected] Date: 2/28/21 09:49 (GMT-07:00) To: [email protected] Subject: [AMSAT-BB] Re: WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz On 2/28/21 10:01 AM, KENT BRITAIN wrote:> WA5VJB.COM Reference Section has some 1269 MHz CP Yagis that are > pretty easy to build.> > And quite a variety of simple Yagi's for LEO birds.Also remember that the NanoVNA v2 has a frequency range that covers the 1.2GHz and 2.4GHz bands:https://nanorfe.com/nanovna-v2.html$130 is _extremely_ inexpensive for this much functionality, and it takes all the guesswork out of antenna matching.--- ZachN0ZGO-----------------------------------------------------------Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum availableto all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressedare solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA.Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!View archives of this mailing list athttps://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.orgManage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

on4cjq＠telenet.be

7:38 p.m.

Build one myself for 23cm years ago on 1268Mc. 2*19el fixed RHCP. The tricky part was the DR environment because spacings are small on 23cm. Made it with 1/4L mechanical spacing. It never lead me dwn, worked beter then my 30t helix. I hope my 4pol switch for this crossyagi will be finished in a month or 2, but busy with building µwave EME setup. Maybe i will try it first with my 70cm 4pol switch, but this will have more loss.

I've never seen commercial crossyagis for 23, but WIMO used to have helix antennes for 23c,and 13cm, or try to make them yourself.

best 73's

Jerry,ON4CJQ

----- Oorspronkelijk bericht ----- Van: "amsat-bb" [email protected] Aan: "amsat-bb" [email protected] Verzonden: Zondag 28 februari 2021 11:41:35 Onderwerp: [AMSAT-BB] WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

Trying to locate a good source for these. M2 doesn't have these. Ideas pls?

73/Ed NI6S

-----------------------------------------------------------

KENT BRITAIN

9:02 p.m.

New subject: Helix for 1.2/2.4 GHz

Hi Jerry I have taken an antenna range to over 60 conferences. And done quite a bit or work with Helix antennas at my lab. Of the 100 or so Helix's I have tested, only about 10% were circularly polarized.That's right, only about 1 in 10. I have proven many many times, HAMS CANNOT BUILD CP HELIX ANTENNAS! It is amazing how a Helix Antenna can have an Axial Ratio of over 20 dB. That's about the same axial ratio as you get from many Yagi's. The few helix's that worked were usually built by a professional in the field. Unless you have actually tested your Helix on a range, the chances are about 9 out of 10 is it not CP(Yes, it is a valid statement that all antennas are ellipticaly polarized, CP and Linear are just special cases.). As an example, the wave comes down the helix, hits the tip, them reflects as a standing wave on the helix structure with an opposite CP sense.You can put a helix antenna on an antenna range, then start trimming the tip with some wire cutters a few millimeters at a time. The Axial ratio will be constantly changing. You can, with some experimenting, find the CP point, but statistics are against you without any testing. And the Kraus Formulas are about 3 dB Optmistic. Winding the helix on a plastic pipe creates all sorts of problems. In free space the radio wave travels along the wire at about 95% the speed of light. When you wrap the wire on a plastic tube, the velocity factor is now about 60%.The effective length and turns ratio is completely different from the calculations. And darn near impossible to even simulate What is the dielectric constant of that plastic you got at the hardware store? And If you did look up the Er, that value was measured at 1kHz, not 1269 MHz! So unless you actually measured the Er at 1269 MHz, your CST, HFSS, OPENEMS, etc simulation is not valid. Sam, G4DDK was the first to measure the effects of using just one dielectric boom with the helix winds attached directly to the boom. i.e. one boom and the helix turns attached to the boom at their 12 O'clock position.The dielectric effects of the boom tilts the beam in the direction of the boom.and really reduces the gain of long helix antenna. The NASA way, central boom and spokes to support the helix is by far the best way to go. 73 Kent WA5VJB

On Sunday, February 28, 2021, 01:39:25 PM CST, [email protected] wrote:

I've never seen commercial crossyagis for 23, but WIMO used to have helix antennes for 23c,and 13cm, or try to make them yourself.

best 73's

Jerry,ON4CJQ

Trying to locate a good source for these. M2 doesn't have these. Ideas pls?

73/Ed NI6S

-----------------------------------------------------------

Rich Gopstein

9:46 p.m.

That doesn't appear to be the NanoVNA V2 (or S-A-A 2), which has a larger frequency range.

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 1:18 PM saguaroastro [email protected] wrote:

...

R & L Electronics is selling the NANOVNA FOR $59.00. ,70.. after shipping. Mine is on the way.

http://www.randl.com/shop/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=75145

73 Rick Tejera (K7TEJ) Saguaro Astronomy Club Www.saguaroastro.org Thunderbird Astronomy Club Www.w7tbc.org

-------- Original message -------- From: Zach Metzinger [email protected] Date: 2/28/21 09:49 (GMT-07:00) To: [email protected] Subject: [AMSAT-BB] Re: WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

On 2/28/21 10:01 AM, KENT BRITAIN wrote:

...
WA5VJB.COM Reference Section has some 1269 MHz CP Yagis that are pretty easy to build.

And quite a variety of simple Yagi's for LEO birds.

Also remember that the NanoVNA v2 has a frequency range that covers the 1.2GHz and 2.4GHz bands:

https://nanorfe.com/nanovna-v2.html

$130 is _extremely_ inexpensive for this much functionality, and it takes all the guesswork out of antenna matching.

--- Zach N0ZGO

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

saguaroastro＠cox.net

9:50 p.m.

Rich,

Measurement frequency: 10KHz -1.5GHz, good enough for my needs. What is the freq. range of the v2?

Rick Tejera

Saguaro Astronomy Club

www.saguaroastro.org

Thunderbird Amateur Radio Club

www.w7tbc.org

From: Rich Gopstein [email protected] Sent: Sunday, February 28, 2021 14:47 To: saguaroastro [email protected] Cc: Zach Metzinger [email protected]; Amsat - BBs [email protected] Subject: Re: [AMSAT-BB] Re: WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

That doesn't appear to be the NanoVNA V2 (or S-A-A 2), which has a larger frequency range.

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 1:18 PM saguaroastro <[email protected] mailto:[email protected] > wrote:

R & L Electronics is selling the NANOVNA FOR $59.00. ,70.. after shipping. Mine is on the way.

http://www.randl.com/shop/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=75145

Rick Tejera (K7TEJ)

Saguaro Astronomy Club

Www.saguaroastro.org http://Www.saguaroastro.org

Thunderbird Astronomy Club

Www.w7tbc.org http://Www.w7tbc.org

-------- Original message --------

From: Zach Metzinger <[email protected] mailto:[email protected] >

Date: 2/28/21 09:49 (GMT-07:00)

To: [email protected] mailto:[email protected]

Subject: [AMSAT-BB] Re: WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

On 2/28/21 10:01 AM, KENT BRITAIN wrote:

...

WA5VJB.COM http://WA5VJB.COM Reference Section has some 1269 MHz CP Yagis that are pretty easy to build.

And quite a variety of simple Yagi's for LEO birds.

Also remember that the NanoVNA v2 has a frequency range that covers the 1.2GHz and 2.4GHz bands:

https://nanorfe.com/nanovna-v2.html

$130 is _extremely_ inexpensive for this much functionality, and it takes all the guesswork out of antenna matching.

--- Zach N0ZGO

-----------------------------------------------------------

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org http://amsat.org . AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org http://amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

-----------------------------------------------------------

Adrian Engele

9:59 p.m.

This is off topic since the discussion was about CP antennas. When considering a NanoNVA version 2 go for the original design not a clone: https://nanorfe.com/nanovna-v2.html. Mine came very quickly.

Now back to CP antennas.

73, Adrian AA5UK

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 3:51 PM, [email protected][email protected] wrote: -----------------------------------------------------------

Mark Johns, K0JM

10:18 p.m.

New subject: Helix for 1.2/2.4 GHz

Kent's analysis seems about right to me. I was asked, off list, if one couldn't just buy or build two yagis for 1.2 or 2.4 GHz, mount them 90 degrees from each other, and build a phasing harness to make them circular. Theoretically yes, you could. But at those wavelengths phasing harnesses become really difficult to make. Tolerances get down to millimeters. Same deal with the helix, I imagine, though I've never actually built one myself.

Commercial products, of course, are available. And for builders, more recently available test equipment certainly helps. Who could afford a VNA a few years ago?

But consider why we use circular polarization in the first place: To be able to copy during cross-polarization fades. We can chase the polarization, or we can use raw gain to overcome those fades in order to copy even when the signal is weak. At VHF/UHF, it is difficult and costly to get lots of gain, so we chase the polarization. At microwave, it's difficult to manage polarization, but easier to get gain.

Basically, it's just easier at microwave frequencies to build a 40-element beam (or a dish) than it is to build the phasing harnesses or get the helix right. Whereas a 40-element beam or a 10-turn helix at 2 meters would be rather difficult, mechanically and financially. So it's just all about what's practical. And if it works, who cares if it's circular? -- Mark D. Johns, KØJM AMSAT Ambassador & News Service Editor Brooklyn Park, MN USA EN35hd ----------------------------------------------- "Heaven goes by favor; if it went by merit, you would stay out and your dog would go in." ---Mark Twain

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 3:03 PM KENT BRITAIN [email protected] wrote:

...

Hi Jerry

I have taken an antenna range to over 60 conferences. And done quite a bit or work with Helix antennas at my lab. Of the 100 or so Helix's I have tested, only about 10% were circularly polarized. That's right, only about 1 in 10. I have proven many many times, HAMS CANNOT BUILD CP HELIX ANTENNAS!

It is amazing how a Helix Antenna can have an Axial Ratio of over 20 dB. That's about the same axial ratio as you get from many Yagi's. The few helix's that worked were usually built by a professional in the field.

Unless you have actually tested your Helix on a range, the chances are about 9 out of 10 is it not CP (Yes, it is a valid statement that all antennas are ellipticaly polarized, CP and Linear are just special cases.).

As an example, the wave comes down the helix, hits the tip, them reflects as a standing wave on the helix structure with an opposite CP sense. You can put a helix antenna on an antenna range, then start trimming the tip with some wire cutters a few millimeters at a time. The Axial ratio will be constantly changing. You can, with some experimenting, find the CP point, but statistics are against you without any testing.

And the Kraus Formulas are about 3 dB Optmistic.

Winding the helix on a plastic pipe creates all sorts of problems. In free space the radio wave travels along the wire at about 95% the speed of light. When you wrap the wire on a plastic tube, the velocity factor is now about 60%. The effective length and turns ratio is completely different from the calculations. And darn near impossible to even simulate What is the dielectric constant of that plastic you got at the hardware store? And If you did look up the Er, that value was measured at 1kHz, not 1269 MHz! So unless you actually measured the Er at 1269 MHz, your CST, HFSS, OPENEMS, etc simulation is not valid.

Sam, G4DDK was the first to measure the effects of using just one dielectric boom with the helix winds attached directly to the boom. i.e. one boom and the helix turns attached to the boom at their 12 O'clock position. The dielectric effects of the boom tilts the beam in the direction of the boom.and really reduces the gain of long helix antenna.

The NASA way, central boom and spokes to support the helix is by far the best way to go.

73 Kent WA5VJB

On Sunday, February 28, 2021, 01:39:25 PM CST, [email protected] wrote:

Build one myself for 23cm years ago on 1268Mc. 2*19el fixed RHCP. The tricky part was the DR environment because spacings are small on 23cm. Made it with 1/4L mechanical spacing. It never lead me dwn, worked beter then my 30t helix. I hope my 4pol switch for this crossyagi will be finished in a month or 2, but busy with building µwave EME setup. Maybe i will try it first with my 70cm 4pol switch, but this will have more loss.

I've never seen commercial crossyagis for 23, but WIMO used to have helix antennes for 23c,and 13cm, or try to make them yourself.

best 73's

Jerry,ON4CJQ

----- Oorspronkelijk bericht ----- Van: "amsat-bb" [email protected] Aan: "amsat-bb" [email protected] Verzonden: Zondag 28 februari 2021 11:41:35 Onderwerp: [AMSAT-BB] WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

Trying to locate a good source for these. M2 doesn't have these. Ideas pls?

73/Ed NI6S

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

Jordan Trewitt

1 Mar 1 Mar

2:53 p.m.

New subject: Helix for 1.2/2.4 GHz

You're almost tempting me to buy some of the fancier 3D printer filaments with known dielectric values. https://www.preperm.com/webshop/product/preperm-3d-abs-%C9%9Br-3-0-filament/

*Dielectric constant* Loss tangent *2.4 GHz* *22 GHz* *60 GHz* *2.4 GHz* *22 GHz* *60 GHz* PPE260 2.60 2.60 2.58 0.0009 0.0022 0.0025 PPE300 3.00 3.00 2.99 0.0009 0.0022 0.0025 PPE320 3.20 3.20 3.19 0.0009 0.0024 0.0026 PPE350 3.50 3.50 3.49 0.0009 0.0024 0.0026

The main reason I think I'd want to try helix on a pipe or 3D printed cylinder, is more because you can use flat copper tape, as I understand it should increase the bandwidth if it's done right (big if?). I did get bored one evening and at least tried to print the tallest helix I could make on my printer a few weeks ago, but I still need to get around to finishing the SMA connection feed.

I really need more excuses to buy one of those nanoVNAs anyways.

regards,

Jordan

KF5COQ

On Sun, Feb 28, 2021, 13:03 KENT BRITAIN [email protected] wrote:

...

Hi Jerry

I have taken an antenna range to over 60 conferences. And done quite a bit or work with Helix antennas at my lab. Of the 100 or so Helix's I have tested, only about 10% were circularly polarized. That's right, only about 1 in 10. I have proven many many times, HAMS CANNOT BUILD CP HELIX ANTENNAS!

It is amazing how a Helix Antenna can have an Axial Ratio of over 20 dB. That's about the same axial ratio as you get from many Yagi's. The few helix's that worked were usually built by a professional in the field.

Unless you have actually tested your Helix on a range, the chances are about 9 out of 10 is it not CP (Yes, it is a valid statement that all antennas are ellipticaly polarized, CP and Linear are just special cases.).

As an example, the wave comes down the helix, hits the tip, them reflects as a standing wave on the helix structure with an opposite CP sense. You can put a helix antenna on an antenna range, then start trimming the tip with some wire cutters a few millimeters at a time. The Axial ratio will be constantly changing. You can, with some experimenting, find the CP point, but statistics are against you without any testing.

And the Kraus Formulas are about 3 dB Optmistic.

Winding the helix on a plastic pipe creates all sorts of problems. In free space the radio wave travels along the wire at about 95% the speed of light. When you wrap the wire on a plastic tube, the velocity factor is now about 60%. The effective length and turns ratio is completely different from the calculations. And darn near impossible to even simulate What is the dielectric constant of that plastic you got at the hardware store? And If you did look up the Er, that value was measured at 1kHz, not 1269 MHz! So unless you actually measured the Er at 1269 MHz, your CST, HFSS, OPENEMS, etc simulation is not valid.

Sam, G4DDK was the first to measure the effects of using just one dielectric boom with the helix winds attached directly to the boom. i.e. one boom and the helix turns attached to the boom at their 12 O'clock position. The dielectric effects of the boom tilts the beam in the direction of the boom.and really reduces the gain of long helix antenna.

The NASA way, central boom and spokes to support the helix is by far the best way to go.

73 Kent WA5VJB

On Sunday, February 28, 2021, 01:39:25 PM CST, [email protected] wrote:

Build one myself for 23cm years ago on 1268Mc. 2*19el fixed RHCP. The tricky part was the DR environment because spacings are small on 23cm. Made it with 1/4L mechanical spacing. It never lead me dwn, worked beter then my 30t helix. I hope my 4pol switch for this crossyagi will be finished in a month or 2, but busy with building µwave EME setup. Maybe i will try it first with my 70cm 4pol switch, but this will have more loss.

I've never seen commercial crossyagis for 23, but WIMO used to have helix antennes for 23c,and 13cm, or try to make them yourself.

best 73's

Jerry,ON4CJQ

----- Oorspronkelijk bericht ----- Van: "amsat-bb" [email protected] Aan: "amsat-bb" [email protected] Verzonden: Zondag 28 februari 2021 11:41:35 Onderwerp: [AMSAT-BB] WTB: Circular Polarized Yagis for 1.2/2.4 GHz

Trying to locate a good source for these. M2 doesn't have these. Ideas pls?

73/Ed NI6S

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

View archives of this mailing list at https://mailman.amsat.org/hyperkitty/list/[email protected] To unsubscribe send an email to amsat-bb-leave(a)amsat.org Manage all of your AMSAT-NA mailing list preferences at https://mailman.amsat.org

Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. AMSAT-NA makes this open forum available to all interested persons worldwide without requiring membership. Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not reflect the official views of AMSAT-NA. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program!

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Adrian Engele
Edward
Jordan Trewitt
KENT BRITAIN
Mark Johns, K0JM
on4cjq＠telenet.be
Rich Gopstein
saguaroastro
saguaroastro＠cox.net
Zach Metzinger