July 2009 - AMSAT-BB - mailman.amsat.org

NAVSPASUR Fence - Still VHF?
by Rich Dailey 27 Jul '09

27 Jul '09

In doing some historical research, I came across a tidbit of info about Raytheon being awarded a contract in 2002 to convert the NAVSPASUR fence transmitters to s-band. Does the system still use 216.98 mhz, or is it strictly s-band now? A related question - given the huge amounts of radiated energy on 216 mhz from the system, has the effects of fundamental overload ever been experienced by any of our amateur satellites when "crossing the fence"? If so, could it be a contributing factor to the operational stability of a "marginally operational" satellite, such as AO-7? Would be an interesting observation, if they are still using vhf, that is. (Google search terms: NAVSPASUR) Rich, N8UX

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Re: A0-51 is Down ...
by Clint Bradford 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

Well, thanks for keeping it up for my demo and presentation last night (Saturday) in Big Bear, California. We made four contacts during its 6:39PM PDT pass, properly impressing the 30+ attendees. Then we went back to the meeting room for my presentation. We wrapped up just in time to walk outside and watch the ISS pass over us at 9:10PM PDT. A wonderful evening, indeed. Clint, K6LCS http://www.k6lcs.com

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VO-52 award
by andy thomas 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

A very handsome award from Amsat-India received here safely yesterday - many thanks to all in the crew! 73 de andy G0SFJ

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Castor and Pollux: FX.25 all the time, or just some of the time?
by Douglas Quagliana 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

Hi, Can anyone tell me if the satellites will be transmitting packets with FX.25 all of the time, or is FX.25 only going to be enabled at certain times? Douglas KA2UPW/5

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SATPC32
by Allen Vinegar 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

I was in the middle of a contact on FO29 when I got repetitive message boxes stating the following: Zugriffsverletzung bei Adresse 00405DFC in Modul 'SatPC32.exe'. Lesen von Adresse 00C0C0C0 The program froze while this was going on. Any ideas? Al W8KHP

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K5E by the numbers
by n3tl＠bellsouth.net 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

Hey Everyone, Here is a more detailed summary of the K5E Satellite Special Event, which celebrated the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission to the moon. Four operators made contacts over the course of the special event as K5E – AA5PK, K8YSE, N3TL and WA4NVM. We made 338 contacts with 182 different stations. Those totals do not include two automated responses sent directly to K5E (being operated by N3TL) in response to direct packets sent to RS0ISS-3. The ISS radio confirmed a direct contact and generated its own direct response, but no one was manning the station aboard the ISS. Still, it was pretty cool to get a direct response from the ISS on two different occasions. Here’s a look at how those 338 contacts occurred: By Satellite – in descending order: AO-51: 126 AO-27: 53 SO-50: 51 FO-29: 50 VO-52: 29 AO-7: 28 ISS: 1 By Mode – in descending order: FM: 230 SSB: 103 CW: 2 Cross Mode (one station used CW, the other used SSB): 2 Packet: 1 Geography K5E logged contacts with stations in 42 states, four Canadian provinces and five additional DX entities. States: It’s easier to list those K5E did NOT log – Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire and Oklahoma. The other 42 states are in the log. Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. DX entities: Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. Not all of the K5E operators logged the grid squares of the stations they worked. Here, specifically, I refer to myself (N3TL). It’s safe to say that the operation made contacts with more than 100 grids among the 182 stations. There are 51 grids accounted for just in the states, provinces and DX entities worked. 73 to all, Tim - N3TL K5E - The 40th Anniversiary Apollo 11 Satellte Special Event

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AO-51 is down
by Andrew Glasbrenner 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

It appears that AO-51 is down as of ~800Z this morning. Please standby until we notify that operations have been restored. 73, Drew G/KO4MA/P AMSAT-NA VP Ops

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Re: Cross boom question
by Greg D. 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

Hi Ed, I am fortunate in the weather dimension, especially compared to your neck of the woods. My pole has been up, untreated, for about 10 years now, and it's starting to show signs of its age. Summer project to rebuild the array, as it's gotten quite a bit out of balance as new antennas have been added and old small ones swapped out for bigger ones. If I had the steel pole, I'd probably use it. The wood is nice in one way, though; things clamped to it tend to stay where they are, as the teeth dig in nicely. Greg KO6TH > Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 22:06:34 -0800 > To: ko6th_greg(a)hotmail.com; w0sat(a)msn.com; kq6ea(a)pacbell.net; amsat-bb(a)amsat.org; hislens(a)gmail.com > From: kl7uw(a)acsalaska.net > Subject: Re: [amsat-bb] Re: Cross boom question > > That may be OK in country that does not > experience snow. I built a 437-MHz Helix using a > wooden closet pole (painted) and it only lasted > two seasons before the pole split from the > wieight of the snow. Wood makes a good stiffener > but really does not have the strength that fiberglass has. > > But one need not worry mounting CP satellite > x-yagis on a metal crossboom. WA5VJB analyzed > and tested the concept proving that mounted in > the X confiuration with cables dressed tight to > the antenna and crossbooms negilible effects are > seen (at least for satellite class operations). > > 73, Ed - KL7UW > I have used a metal crossboom for years. > > At 02:24 PM 7/25/2009, Greg D. wrote: > > >Wooden pole for me. Just a regular closet pole > >from the lumber yard. I've never been impressed > >by the structural qualities of plastic pipe, and > >putting a wooden dowel up the middle of one > >still leaves much of the structural > >responsibility with the plastic on the > >outside. So, why not make it all wood? Heck, > >if it can support my wife's wardrobe, it should > >be able to handle a couple of antennas :-). How long of a span do you need? > > > >Greg KO6TH > > > > > > > From: W0SAT(a)msn.com > > > To: kq6ea(a)pacbell.net; amsat-bb(a)amsat.org; hislens(a)gmail.com > > > Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 17:14:20 -0500 > > > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Cross boom question > > > > > > > > > Amen: I have been aluminum cross booms for several years now. > > > Jerry w0sat > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: amsat-bb-bounces(a)amsat.org [mailto:amsat-bb-bounces@amsat.org] On > > > Behalf Of Jim Jerzycke > > > Sent: Saturday, July 25, 2009 4:36 PM > > > To: amsat-bb(a)amsat.org; Kevin Groth > > > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: Cross boom question > > > > > > This has been gone over a zillion times. > > > Short answer; Mount them in an "X" configuration and don't worry about it. > > > http://www.g6lvb.com/fibermetalboom.htm > > > > > > --- On Sat, 7/25/09, Kevin Groth <hislens(a)gmail.com> wrote: > > > > > > From: Kevin Groth <hislens(a)gmail.com> > > > Subject: [amsat-bb] Cross boom question > > > To: amsat-bb(a)amsat.org > > > Date: Saturday, July 25, 2009, 1:47 PM > > > > > > I have just finished building a set of 2m and 440mhz circular polarized > > > beams to work the birds. (tired of standing in the heat and cold outside!) > > > I tried to save a little bit of money by > > building a wood dowel inserted into > > > a sched 40 uv resistant pipe. I hung the beams on either side of the cross > > > boom and it sags way too much and is ugly. I thought about using some > > > eyebolts and some nylon cording for support to the vertical mast, but I'm > > > trying to keep everything as clean as possible for the neighbors. I would > > > really rather not have to purchase a > > fiberglass satellite boom commercially, > > > but if I have to, I will. > > > > > > > > > > > > I have a bunch of 1.75" aluminum pipe that would be more than able to > > > support most anything I plan to add to the antenna collection in the future > > > (1.2 and 2.4 ghz). My question is how much > > of a difference would it make if > > > I mounted the 2m and 440 beams in an X position to the aluminum beam? I > > > have read some short answers that it would minimize the swr issue, but > > > haven't really found an answer that I am comfortable with. Also, how would > > > that effect a later addition like a 1.2 or 2.4 ghz antenna.? My current > > > antennas are a KLM 2m-14c and a 435-40cx, both circular polarized and > > > switchable RH and LH polarization. Does anyone have any experience with a > > > metal crossboom? > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks! > > > > > > Kevin > > > > > > N9EME > > > > > > Fort Worth, TX > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > > Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > > > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > > > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > _______________________________________________ > > > Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > > > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > > > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > > > > > > > _______________________________________________ > > > Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > > > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > > > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > >_________________________________________________________________ > >Bing™ brings you maps, menus, and reviews organized in one place. Try it now. > >http://www.bing.com/search?q=restaurants&form=MLOGEN&publ=WLHMTAG&crea=TXT_… > >_______________________________________________ > >Sent via AMSAT-BB(a)amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > >Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > >Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live™ Hotmail®: Celebrate the moment with your favorite sports pics. Check it out. http://www.windowslive.com/Online/Hotmail/Campaign/QuickAdd?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_…

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NEED CONTACT WITH MAINE AND RHODE ISLAND FOR W.A.S AWARD!
by DAVID BIRD 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

HI ALL! MY NAME IS DAVID, KC7USS. I AM TRYING TO EARN THE ARRL W.A.S AWARD. I ONLY HAVE TWO MORE STATES TO GO! THE TWO I NEED IS MAINE AND RHODE ISLAND.IF YOU CAN HELP PLESE E-MAIL ME AT kc7uss(a)gmail.com THANKS ALL!!! 73 KC7USS

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ANS-207 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins
by JoAnne Maenpaa 26 Jul '09

26 Jul '09

AMSAT NEWS SERVICE ANS-207 ANS is a free, weekly, news and information service of AMSAT North America, The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. ANS reports on the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur Radio operators who share an active interest in designing, building, launching and communicating through analog and digital Amateur Radio satellites. Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to: ans-editor(a)amsat.org ********************************************************************** * 2009 AMSAT Space Symposium and Annual General Meeting October 9-11 * * Four Points Sheraton Hotel at the Baltimore Washington Airport * * Details - http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/symposium/2009/index.php * ********************************************************************** In this edition: * Important Reminder AMSAT Board of Directors Ballots * AMSAT-UK Announces FUNcube Amateur Radio Satellite * SuitSat-2 Demo at the Central States VHF Society Conference * Special Events Stations Commemorate Apollo 11 40th Anniversary * STS-127 To Deploy Dual Picosats on July 30 * SwissCube Delivery to India, Three Additional CubeSats Planned * Satellite Shorts From All Over SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.01 Important Reminder AMSAT Board of Directors Ballots AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.01 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.01 To All AMSAT Members: As noted in last week's ANS, the original Board of Directors ballot that was mailed earlier this month to all AMSAT members and included with important AMSAT information has an error on it, stating "select no more than three" with five candidates listed. Replacement ballots of a different color have now been mailed to all AMSAT members in an an envelope marked "corrected ballot" and the new ballot states "Select no more than four" with five candidates listed as well as marked with "corrected ballot". Please note that the none of the original ballots will be counted, so if you mailed the original ballot to AMSAT, you must also mail the corrected ballot in order to have your ballot be counted. The due date for submitting ballots has not changed and the corrected ballot must be received at the Silver Spring, MD no later than the close of business on September 15, 2009. [ANS thanks AMSAT HQ for the above information] /EX SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.02 AMSAT-UK Announces FUNcube Amateur Radio Satellite AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.02 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.02 AMSAT-UK has announced a new amateur satellite project - FUNcube. The project has received major initial funding from the Radio Communications Foundation (RCF) and is expected be developed in collaboration with ISIS-Innovative Solutions in Space BV. FUNcube is an educational single cubesat project with the goal of enthusing and educating young people about radio, space, physics and electronics. It will support the educational Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths (STEM) initiatives and provide an additional resource for the GB4FUN Mobile Communications Centre. The target audience consists of primary and secondary school pupils and FUNcube will feature a 145 MHz telemetry beacon that will provide a strong signal for the pupils to receive. It is planned to develop a simple receiver board that can be connected to the USB port of a laptop to display telemetry in an interesting way. The satellite will contain a materials science experiment, from which the school students can receive telemetry data which they can compare to the results they obtained from similar reference experiments in the classroom. FUNcube is the first cubesat designed to benefit this group and is expected to be the first UK cubesat to reach space. It is anticipated FUNcube will be launched into a Sun Synchronous Low Earth Orbit about 600-700km above the earth using one of the many launch opportunities that exist for Cubesat missions. In such an orbit the satellite passes over Europe approximately 3 times in the morning, and 3 in the evening, every day, perhaps allowing the morning passes to be used for educational purposes and the evening passes for Amateur Radio communications. FUNcube will carry a UHF to VHF linear transponder that will have up to 1 watt and which can be used by Radio Amateurs worldwide for SSB and CW communications. Measuring just 10 * 10 * 10 cm, and with a mass of less than 1kg, it will be the smallest ever satellite to carry a linear transponder and the choice of frequencies will enable Radio Amateurs to use their existing VO-52 or DO-64 station. A key feature of the satellite is the absence of an On-Board Com- puter. For reliability and maximum power efficiency, the design has been kept as straight-forward as possible with satellite control being achieved using simple commands. See the AMSAT-UK FUNcube webpage at: http://www.uk.amsat.org/content/view/696/68/ AMSAT-UK has more than 350 individual members and is one of more than 20 such groups worldwide. AMSAT-UK teams have provided hardware for more than 10 satellites over the past 35+ years including SSETI Express in 2005.They are presently involved with the development of hardware and software for a number of satellite projects including the European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO), P3E, SUITSAT2, the Col- umbus module on the ISS and also the GENSO Ground station network. The Radio Communications Foundation is a Registered Charity (Number 1100694) set up in 2003 to fund efforts to bring the wonders of radio into the classrooms, universities and any other public place where hands on demonstration can influence understanding. The RCF funding for FUNcube is made possible through the generous bequest from a "silent key" who wanted the hobby that he loved brought to the attention of others. AMSAT-UK: http://www.uk.amsat.org/ Radio Communications Foundation: http://www.commsfoundation.org/ GB4FUN: http://www.gb4fun.org.uk/ FUNcube contact: Graham Shirville G3VZV (g3vzv(a)amsat.org) [ANS thanks AMSAT-UK for the above information] /EX SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.03 SuitSat-2 Demo at the Central States VHF Society Conference AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.03 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.03 On July 24-25 the Central States VHF Society hosted their 43rd Conference in the Chicago area. The event attracted radio amateurs interested in experimentation with weak signal VHF/UHF, microwave, terrestrial and space communications, and EME. SuitSat-2 System Engineer Gould WA4SXM was at the Conference with a functioning prototype of the SuitSat-2 hardware, antennas, and initial software. The success of the Phoenix ARISS system inte- gration meeting held July 10-12 was evident as SuitSat-2 trans- mitted live signals everyone at the Conference could monitor on 145.950 MHz. The SSTV subsystem was transmitting live pictures in Robot36 mode captured by the cameras. Reminder: if your computer SSTV capture software such as MMSSTV is functional viewing existing terrestrial SSTV transmissions you will be ready to receive SuitSat-2 video. Gould also gave a presentation to a full house during which he dis- cussed SuitSat-2 architecture and software. The presentation, as well as the live display, included these subsystems: + Software Defined Radio Transponder + Internal Housekeeping Processor Board + Power Control Board + Interconnect Board + Safety Power Interlock + Flexible antennas The SuitSat-2 team plans to deliver the completed flight system to Russia in December, 2009 with an EVA deployment planned for the Spring of 2010. Watch the AMSAT Journal for full details as system integration completes and SuitSat-2 moves toward orbit! [ANS thanks whomever for the above information] /EX SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.04 Special Events Stations Commemorate Apollo 11 40th Anniversary AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.04 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.04 If you were fortunate to work the Amateur Radio special events stations that commemorated the 40th anniversay of the Apollo 11 landing on the moon here is a summary of the QSL information: VE3MOON From the Canada Museum of Science and Technology In celebration of the 40th anniversary of the first manned moon landing, the special event callsign VE3MOON will be operating from 14-27 July. The museum team plans to operate via AO-51, SO-50, VO-52, FO-29, and the ISS. QSL via Darin, VE3OIJ. AO-51's 40th Anniversary Special Message AMSAT-NA marked the 40th anniversary of the first manned lunar landing with a special event on AO-51. AO-51 transmited a special message commemorating the event on Monday, July 20. A special AO-51 SWL QSL is available to ground stations who copy the downlink. Send QSL requests marked "Apollo 11" with SASE to the AMSAT office at 850 Sligo Ave. Suite 600, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Mark, K6HX posted recordings and SSTV images received during this event on his web page at http://tinyurl.com/kn9bgm. Ed, KL7UW has his recording at http://www.kl7uw.com/40th_apollo_message.wav. Special Event Station K5E The special call sign K5E was active on the satellites until July 24. If you worked K5E you can claim a special QSL card donated by WA3MVQ. QSL via Tim, N3TL with a standard size SASE. EE Times prepared a July 20th special edition that tells the Lunar Landing story from the viewpoint of a number of engineers. It can be found on-line at: http://tinyurl.com/npklma. Page 44 features comments by AMSAT member Steve Bible, N7HPR. [ANS thanks VE3MOON, AO-51 Operations Team, K5E, and Tom K3IO for the above information] /EX SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.05 STS-127 To Deploy Dual Picosats on July 30 AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.05 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.05 The University of Texas at Austin announced this week they will deploy a satellite in space on July 30, 2009 at 7:27 AM CDT via the STS-127 Space Shuttle Picosatellite Launcher (SSPL). BEVO1 is a 12.5 cm cube and 3 kg in mass. The purpose of the mission is to collect data from NASA's DRAGON GPS receiver. BEVO1 has two modes, data and beacon. The data mode is on over most parts of the United States, and the rest of the time, the satellite is in beacon mode. Also, anyone tracking BEVO1 can record what they hear at http://paradigm.ae.utexas.edu/ops. The University of Texas also has additional information at: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/06/09/picosatellite/ BEVO1 Downlink Information: Beacon Mode Downlink Freq: 437.325 MHz Modulation: FM, 200mW, Morse Code, ~20 WPM Data Mode Downlink Freq: 437.325 MHz Modulation: GMSK, 1W, 9600 baud, AX.25 (default) FM, 1W, Bell 202, AX.25 NASA describes DRAGONSat as an anticipated eight-year program with a launch of the satellites approximately every two years. The first three missions will test individual components and subsystems while the final mission will culminate with the successful docking of two satellites. Refer to http://tinyurl.com/m2blyc for additional mission information. The University of Texas at Austin has developed BEVO1 and Texas A&M University has developed AggieSat-2 for this mission. Both satellites will perform the initial data acquition testing of the DRAGONSat pro- gram. [ANS thanks Jahshan Bhatti at the University of Texas at Austin and Andy, W5ACM for the above information] /EX SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.06 SwissCube Delivery to India, Three Additional CubeSats Planned AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.06 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.06 The Southgate ARC webpage reports the SwissCube Amateur Radio satellite, and its integration team will shortly be leaving for the launch site in India. The SwissCube mission has a scientific and a technology objective to observe and take measurements of the airglow phenomena. The IARU has coordinated a downlink fre- quency of 437.505 MHz. The Technical University of Berlin will launch their BeeSat cubesat project on this mission. The main objective of BeeSat is the on orbit verification of newly developed micro wheels for pico satellite applications. BeeSat will demonstrate the use of coin size micro wheels for the attitude control. This satellite is licensed to operate on 436.00 MHz. University of Wuerzburg, Department of Computer Science will launch UWE-2 is to test a newly developed attitude determination system. Other experiments related to "IP in space" will be per- formed. These experiments follow on from the experiments of the previous satellite UWE-1. A AX25 and CW downlink on 437.385 MHz has been coordinated by the IARU. The Istanbul Technical University will launch ITUpSAT on a mission to characterize a passive attitude control system and take earth observation pictures. Main communications will take place on fre- quencies outside the amateur satellite service, but a 100mW 70cm CW telemtry beacon is planned to operated on 437.325 MHz. Space launches are technically challenging and are usually prone to last minute changes, so the exact launch date for the PSLV is still not known. [ANS thanks Trevor, M5AKA, Southgate, and IARU Coordination pages for the above information] /EX SB SAT @ AMSAT $ANS-207.07 Satellite Shorts From All Over AMSAT News Service Bulletin 207.07 >From AMSAT HQ SILVER SPRING, MD. July 26, 2009 To All RADIO AMATEURS BID: $ANS-207.07 + Congratulations to Andrew Koenig, KE5GDB upon winning the Newsline Youth Ham of the Year Award! Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) Team member Nick Lance, KC5KBO, who does ham radio mentoring of students at his local school, was pleased to learn that his student, Andrew Koenig, KE5GDB, has won the Newsline Youth Ham of the Year Award. ARISS was one of the main motivators for Andrew to study for his license, and to stay licensed. He continued his interest in space by helping with ARISS contacts and by being active in ham satellite operations. (Via Carol Jackson, KB3LKI, ARISS Weekly Report) + Full information for the 2009 Mid-Atlantic VHF Conference Saturday, September 26 in Plymouth Meeting, PA is available on-line at: http://tinyurl.com/mdrbxx (Packrats) + Replay of the Falcon-1 launch is available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mfdk_VZMjQI + Here's a science oriented web page that may be of interest to the young visitors to your shack. Visit the NASA: Home and City site http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/nasacity/index2.htm to see how space exploration impacts daily life. + John K8YSE says he will prepare special QSL cards from his Delaware satellite operation July 11-12. Watch for his announcement via the amsat-bb and his QRZ.com web page. + NASA has an interactive web site to allow you to explore the Apollo 11 landing site: http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/apollo11_landing/index.html + An on-line HD video of the STS-127 launch is available at: http://tinyurl.com/lqeqqo (UniverseToday.com) [ANS thanks everyone for the above information] /EX In addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership in the President's Club. Members of the President's Club, as sustaining donors to AMSAT Project Funds, will be eligible to receive additional benefits. Application forms are available from the AMSAT Office. And, with that please keep in mind that because cows eat grass they're lawn mooers. 73, This week's ANS Editor, JoAnne Maenpaa, K9JKM K9JKM at amsat dot org

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