August 2021 - AMSAT-BB - mailman.amsat.org

Re: K6LCS Sat Presentation - Recordings
by Bob Liddy (K8BL) 23 Aug '21

23 Aug '21

Frederick, Glad to be helpful in a small way. BTW... Do you or the Clubhave a Ham Call so we can be on the lookout for you? TNX/73, Bob K8BL On Monday, August 23, 2021, 01:49:32 AM EDT, Frederick Herrmann <frederick_herrmann(a)makualanichristianacademy.com> wrote: Thanks. The vote of confidence helps. It does, after all, have a price tag. On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 3:57 PM Bob Liddy (K8BL) <k8bl(a)ameritech.net> wrote: Frederick, I've heard many good comments about that system. You should be pleased.Glad to hear another SAT Station going up in HI. Looks like Grid BK29. GL/73, Bob K8BL On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 09:36:56 PM EDT, Frederick Herrmann <frederick_herrmann(a)makualanichristianacademy.com> wrote: Greetings! I am new here. I teach high school at Makua Lani Christian Academy in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. We are building a ground station. Our plan is to purchase the M2 LEO Pack through AMSAT. Any advice you'd like to send my way, I'd be grateful.- Frederick On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 3:28 PM Bob Liddy (K8BL) <k8bl(a)ameritech.net> wrote: Hi Joe, Thanks for the kind words. Hopefully, Clint K6LCS can includesome of these suggestions that I have picked up over the yearsfrom many long-time Satellite users. Whatever steps can be takento alleviate the chaos and mayhem on many FM SAT passes shouldbe considered. TNX/73, Bob K8BL On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 07:13:02 PM EDT, Joseph Fouquet <n5jf(a)att.net> wrote: Great suggestion Bob and thanks. Joe N5JF Sent from my iPhone ----------------------------------------------------------- On Monday, August 23, 2021, 12:25:23 AM EDT, Bob Liddy (K8BL) <k8bl(a)ameritech.net> wrote: Clint K6LCS, These are suggestions from many long-time and actual usersof the FM SATs. Following them would help alleviate the chaosand mayhem often taking place during most evening and weekendpasses. Do you plan to include all/any of them in your presentations? Do youreject any/all of them? Which ones do you plan to include and/orreject for consideration? Do you think any of them are worthwhile? Do you not accept/consider suggestions? Do you not appreciateregular and long-time users offering suggestions? Do you feel thatfellow AMSAT Members are welcome to offer suggestions? Are yourfellow AMSAT Members out of line when offering suggestions? It wouldappear that you are not open to suggestions since you are dismissivewhen they are offered. One would think that an AMSAT Ambassadorwould be open and receptive and welcoming to suggestions. Yet, youobviously convey the opposite impression. TNX/73, Bob K8BL On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 11:44:38 PM EDT, Clint Bradford via AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb(a)amsat.org> wrote: Again, Bob, I need to alter nothing in my presentations - they have always included proper op techniques. All 125+ of 'em. Clint K6LCS On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 09:22:21 PM EDT, Bob Liddy (K8BL) <k8bl(a)ameritech.net> wrote: Clint K6LCS, Since the regular users of the FM SATs have not seen any improvement inthe chaos and mayhem in the daily Operating Procedures, you may wantto consider additional emphasis or a different approach. After many years ofSatellite use from home and roving I offer these suggestions for improvement. 1 - Remind new & seasoned users that the FM SATS are virtually the same as the terrestrial FM Repeaters that many are used to using. And, that only one signal can be properly processed at a time. It is only ONE Channel and must be shared. 2 - Transmissions need to be short since there is only a minimal time that the SATs are visible during a pass and many folks desire to use them. 3 - Always allow a QSO in progress to be completed before transmitting. 4 - Due to fading and noise and distortion, signals often are not copied clearly. It's best to use phonetics since several letters sound similar and multiple repeats can take up valuable time during passes. GL/73, Bob K8BL (AMSAT #6593, since 1979) On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 05:31:48 PM EDT, Clint Bradford <clintbradford(a)mac.com> wrote: >> ...Please emphasize proper Amateur Operating Procedures ... I have during each and every one of my125+ shows so far. Clint K6LCS On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 05:26:30 PM EDT, Bob Liddy (K8BL) <k8bl(a)ameritech.net> wrote: Clint K6LCS, Please emphasize proper Amateur Operating Procedures so that the chaosand mayhem that is experienced daily on the FM Satellites can, hopefully,be abated. This needs to be stressed for new users. Please have them visualizean FM Repeater in the sky and how only one user at a time can operatethrough its ONE Channel. One must allow an existing QSO to be completedbefore someone tries to begin another one. Try to keep transmissions short.Use phonetics since many letters sound like others. TNX/73, Bob K8BL On Sunday, August 22, 2021, 04:03:14 PM EDT, Clint Bradford via AMSAT-BB <amsat-bb(a)amsat.org> wrote: Q. Do you publish a recording of your satellite presentation? A. There are a few videos of my presentation out there ... on convention or club sites. But there's a couple of reasons I do not publish one myself … 1. Each of my shows is very-much-personalized for its audience. There are 15-19 "sldes" that are audience-specific that get changed. It would just be weird to have you listen to club-specific information for someone else's club! 2. Like books on many topics, once they are published, they are outdated. And so are these satellite presentations. Timely information I give tonight regarding ISS operations and "current status" of some satellites will change and might NOT be current next week - as life goes on. SO ... As you cruise the 'Net for satellite information, make sure the sites you bookmark respect you enough to DATE THEIR INFORMATION! A Scout leader called me up a couple years ago after a Field Day, and was irritated that he was not able to work AO-51 for his large gathering. He had cruised the 'Net and found "Easy Sats to Work!" info for AO-51 - and set up his equipment for AO-51. Well, AO-51 passed away / ceased operating 11/29/2011. But that Web site he used didn't tell its visitors that: It was a OLD article, current when it was originally published … Clint Bradford K6LCS AMSAT Ambassador, ARRL registered instructor www.work-sat.com (909) 999-SATS (7287) -----------------------------------------------------------

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Re: K6LCS Sat Presentation - Recordings
by Clint Bradford 22 Aug '21

22 Aug '21

Again, Bob, I need to alter nothing in my presentations - they have always included proper op techniques. All 125+ of 'em. Clint K6LCS Sent from my iPhone

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Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2021-08-22 18:30 UTC
by aj9n＠aol.com 22 Aug '21

22 Aug '21

Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2021-08-22 18:30 UTC Quick list of scheduled contacts and events: Carl Fuhlrott-Gymnasium, Wuppertal, Germany, direct via DN1CFG The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be OR4ISS The downlink frequency is presently scheduled to be 145.800 MHz The latest information on the operation mode can be found at https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html The scheduled astronaut is Akihiko Hoshide KE5DNI Contact is go for: Mon 2021-08-23 07:54:53 UTC 81 deg Watch for live stream at: https://youtu.be/HOuhLd_nhc8 Select channel "DN1CFG" (***) Next mode change is expected to take place in late August 2021. The latest information on the operation mode can be found at https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html The latest list of frequencies in use can be found at https://www.ariss.org/contact-the-iss.html ######################################################################################################################################## A multi-point telebridge contact means that each student will be on the telebridge from their own home. **************************************************************************************************************************************** ARISS is very aware of the impact that COVID-19 is having on schools and the public in general. As such, we may have last minute cancellations or postponements of school contacts. As always, I will try to provide everyone with near-real-time updates. Watch for future COVID-19 related announcements at https://www.ariss.org/ The following schools have now been postponed or cancelled due to COVID-19: Postponed: No new schools Cancelled: No new schools **************************************************************************************************************************************** Note, all times are approximate. It is recommended that you do your own orbital prediction or start listening about 10 minutes before the listed time. All dates and times listed follow International Standard ISO 8601 date and time format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS The complete schedule page has been updated as of 2021-08-22 18:30 UTC. (***) Here you will find a listing of all scheduled school contacts, and questions, other ISS related websites, IRLP and Echolink websites, and instructions for any contact that may be streamed live. https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/arissnews.rtf https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/arissnews.txt The successful school list has been updated as of 2021-08-11 17:00 UTC. https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/Successful_ARISS_schools.rtf The ARISS webpage is at https://www.ariss.org/ Note that there are links to other ARISS websites from this site. The main page for Applying to Host a Scheduled Contact may be found at https://www.ariss.org/apply-to-host-an-ariss-contact.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ARISS Contact Applications (United States) For future proposal information and more details such as expectations, proposal guidelines and proposal form, and dates and times of Information Webinars, go to www.ariss.org. About ARISS: Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) is a cooperative venture of international amateur radio societies and the space agencies that support the International Space Station (ISS). In the United States, sponsors are the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT), the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the ISS National Lab and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The primary goal of ARISS is to promote exploration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEAM) topics by organizing scheduled contacts via amateur radio between crew members aboard the ISS and students in classrooms or public forms. Before and during these radio contacts, students, educators, parents, and communities learn about space, space technologies, and amateur radio. For more information, see www.ariss.org. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ARISS Contact Applications (Europe, Africa and the Middle East) Schools and Youth organizations in Europe, Africa and the Middle East interested in setting up an ARISS radio contact with an astronaut on board the International Space Station are invited to submit an application from September to October and from February to April. Please refer to details and the application form at www.ariss-eu.org/school-contacts. Applications should be addressed by email to: school.selection.manager(a)ariss-eu.org ARISS Contact Applications (Canada, Central and South America, Asia and Australia and Russia) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Organizations outside the United States can apply for an ARISS contact by filling out an application. Please direct questions to the appropriate regional representative listed below. If your country is not specifically listed, send your questions to the nearest ARISS Region listed. If you are unsure which address to use, please send your question to the ARISS-Canada representative; they will forward your question to the appropriate coordinator. For the application, go to: https://www.ariss.org/ariss-application.html. ARISS-Canada and the Americas, except USA: Steve McFarlane, VE3TBD email to: ve3tbd(a)gmail.com ARISS-Japan, Asia, Pacific and Australia: Satoshi Yasuda, 7M3TJZ email to: ariss(a)iaru-r3.org, Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL) https://www.jarl.org/ ARISS-Russia: Soyuz Radioljubitelei Rossii (SRR) https://srr.ru/ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ARISS is always glad to receive listener reports for the above contacts. ARISS thanks everyone in advance for their assistance. Feel free to send your reports to aj9n(a)amsat.org or aj9n(a)aol.com. Listen for the ISS on the downlink of 145.8Ø MHz unless otherwise noted. ******************************************************************************* All ARISS contacts are made via the Kenwood radio unless otherwise noted. ******************************************************************************* Several of you have sent me emails asking about the RAC ARISS website and not being able to get in. That has now been changed to https://www.ariss.org/ Note that there are links to other ARISS websites from this site. **************************************************************************** Looking for something new to do? How about receiving DATV from the ISS? Please note that the HamTV system has been brought back to earth for troubleshooting. Please monitor ARISS-EU or ARISS-ON for the very latest news on the troubleshooting efforts. If interested, then please go to the ARISS-EU website for complete details. Look for the buttons indicating Ham Video. http://www.ariss-eu.org/ If you need some assistance, ARISS mentor Kerry N6IZW, might be able to provide some insight. Contact Kerry at kbanke(a)sbcglobal.net The HamTV webpage: https://www.amsat-on.be/hamtv-summary/ **************************************************************************** ARISS congratulations the following mentors who have now mentored over 100 schools: Sergey RV3DR with 154 Satoshi 7M3TJZ with 142 Francesco IKØWGF with 140 Gaston ON4WF with 123 **************************************************************************** The webpages listed below were all reviewed for accuracy. Out of date webpages were removed, and new ones have been added. If there are additional ARISS websites I need to know about, please let me know. Total number of ARISS ISS to earth school events is 1464. Each school counts as 1 event. Total number of ARISS ISS to earth school contacts is 1394. Each contact may have multiple schools sharing the same time slot. Total number of ARISS supported terrestrial contacts is 48. Please feel free to contact me if more detailed statistics are needed. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following US states and entities have never had an ARISS contact: South Dakota, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas Islands, and the Virgin Islands. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ QSL information may be found at: https://www.ariss.org/qsl-cards.html ISS callsigns: DPØISS, IRØISS, NA1SS, OR4ISS, RSØISS **************************************************************************** Frequency chart for packet, voice, and crossband repeater modes showing Doppler correction as of 2005-07-29 04:00 UTC https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/ISS_frequencies_and_Doppler_correcti… Check out the Zoho reports of the ARISS contacts https://reports.zoho.com/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?DBID=412218000000020415 **************************************************************************** Exp. 64 on orbit Oleg Novitskiy Pyotr Dubrov Mark Vande Hei KG5GNP SpaceX-Crew 2 on orbit Meghan McArthur (Behnken) Akihiko Hoshide KE5DNI Thomas Pesquet KG5FYG Shane Kimbrough KE5HOD **************************************************************************** 73, Charlie Sufana AJ9N One of the ARISS operation team mentors

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ANS-234 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins for Aug. 22
by Mark Johns, K0JM 21 Aug '21

21 Aug '21

AMSAT NEWS SERVICE ANS-234 The AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and information service of AMSAT, The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. ANS publishes news related to Amateur Radio in Space including reports on the activities of a worldwide group of Amateur Radio operators who share an active interest in designing, building, launching and communicating through analog and digital Amateur Radio satellites. The news feed on http://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur Radio in Space as soon as our volunteers can post it. Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to: ans-editor [at] amsat.org You can sign up for free e-mail delivery of the AMSAT News Service Bulletins via the ANS List; to join this list see: https://mailman.amsat.org/postorius/lists/ans.amsat.org/ In this edition: * Contacts Completed Successfully Through AO-109 * Registration Now Open for AMSAT Space Symposium * 2021 AMSAT Board of Directors Election Being Held * AMSAT Awards Update * ARISS News * Upcoming Satellite Operations * Hamfests, Conventions, Maker Faires, and Other Events * Satellite Shorts From All Over ANS-234 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins To: All RADIO AMATEURS From: Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation 712 H Street NE, Suite 1653 Washington, DC 20002 DATE 2021 Aug 22 Contacts Completed Successfully Through AO-109 Several amateurs have reported successful operation through the AO-109 satellite, even though the satellite's power output has been determined to be less than 10 milliwatts. Carlos Cardon, W7QL in DN40, completed a contact with Dave Beumer, W0DHB in DN70, on August 12 using FT4. They repeated with additional QSOs on August 15 and 18. Also on August 15, W7QL completed a contact with Alan Bowker, WA6DNR in CM87 using FT4. Further, W0DHB and Mark Johns, K0JM in EN35, completed an FT4 QSO through the satellite on August 18, and repeated with a second QSO on August 19. Carlos noted, "Based upon our testing the past couple of days, I think FT4 QSOs should be consistently achievable on this satellite." These contacts have been an extension of digital mode experiments via satellite involving a larger number of stations, as reported earlier and in greater detail in the May/June 2020 issue of The AMSAT Journal. The stations involved have been fairly typical satellite setups without exotic additions. W7QL reports "using my IC-9700 (in Data mode, full power) and LEO-Pack antenna, with SatPC32 and WSJT-X." W0DHB, WA6DNR, and K0JM are using FlexRadio transcievers with transverters. All report using 75-100 watts of transmit power to get signals through AO-109, although care is taken to reduce power to 1 or 2 watts when using digital modes on other linear satellites, such as RS-44. While FT4 activity is generally at the low end of the downlink passband on other linear satellites (5 kHz above the bottom passband limit), activity on AO-109 has been on a downlink frequency of 435.770 (5 kHz below transponder center). Several other stations have reported experimenting with CW on AO-109. Take Tone, JK2XXK in PM85, completed a CW QSO with Tetsurou Satou, JA0CAW in PM97, on May 1, and other contacts among Japanese amateurs have followed. John Papay, K8YSE, Doug Tabor, N6UA, and Burns Fisher, WB1FJ, in addition to W7QL and W0DHB, have reported hearing or experimenting with CW on the bird in North America. K8YSE in EN91 and Stephan Greene, KS1G in FM18, reported a completed CW QSO on August 21. Mark Hammond, N8MH, AMSAT Director and Command Station, has also been paying close attention to AO-109 signals. He notes, "All you need is to use AF from the built in sound cards of the 9700, directly into WSJT-X, over USB cable. Then, have the radio use USB-D and LSB-D modes. It will probably give you a little better signal to noise I think? Seeing 3 kHz of the transponder downlink is plenty. Doppler correction is important, especially around TCA. Tell SatPC32 under the CAT tab to do Intervals of "0 Hz" for SSB/CW and use a Speed of x5." [ANS thanks Carlos Cardon, W7QL, for the above information] +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ Join the 2021 President's Club! Score your 2" 4-Color Accent Commemorative Coin. This gold finished coin comes with Full Color Certificate and Embroidered "Remove Before Flight" Key Tag Donate today at https://www.amsat.org/join-the-amsat-presidents-club/ You won't want to miss it! +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ Registration Now Open for AMSAT Space Symposium The 39th AMSAT Space Symposium and Annual General Meeting will be held Friday through Sunday, October 29-31, 2021, at the Crowne Plaza AiRE in Bloomington, Minnesota. Registration is now open for the event at https://launch.amsat.org/Events Student registrations are available at $40, and General registration is at $75. Registration for the Saturday evening Symposium Banquet is an additional $55. Full details are available at the registration website. The Crowne Plaza AiRE is located at 3 Appletree Square, Bloomington, MN 55245, adjacent to the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport and only steps away from the METRO Blue Line’s American Blvd. stop. Nearby shopping and tourist attractions include Mall of America, SEA LIFE at Mall of America, Nickelodeon Universe, and the Minnesota Zoo. The Symposium includes presentations, exhibit space, and the AMSAT Annual General Meeting. The preliminary schedule is presented at https://launch.amsat.org/event-4414716 The AMSAT Board of Directors Meeting will be held before the Symposium, October 28-29, at the same hotel. Those attending may make hotel reservations by calling the hotel directly at (952) 854-9000 or (877) 424-4188 (toll free) or online by visiting crowneplazaaire.com. The group name is Amateur Satellite Group. Platinum and Titanium members of the AMSAT President's Club receive free admission to the Symposium and receive a complimentary lunch with the President on Saturday afternoon. Please email members(a)amsat.org to arrange registration. Presenters are invited to participate at the Symposium and/or submit a paper to the Symposium Proceedings. Read the Call for Papers at https://www.amsat.org/2021-amsat-symposium-proceedings-call-for-papers/ for more information. [ANS thanks AMSAT for the above information] +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ Need new satellite antennas? Purchase Arrows, Alaskan Arrows, and M2 LEO-Packs from the AMSAT Store. When you purchase through AMSAT, a portion of the proceeds goes towards Keeping Amateur Radio in Space. https://amsat.org/product-category/hardware/ +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ 2021 AMSAT Board of Directors Election Being Held The nomination period for the 2021 Board of Directors Election ended on June 15, 2021. The following candidates have been duly nominated and their candidate statements can be found at link that follows: Joseph Armbruster, KJ4JIO Robert Bankston, KE4AL Jerry Buxton, N0JY Zach Metzinger, N0ZGO In accordance with our Bylaws, AMSAT must hold an election, even though we have four nominations for four open Director positions. As such, we will host electronic voting on our Member Portal this year, at no cost to the organization. Voting is now open and will close on September 15, 2021. When members click on the poll link, they will see their ballot (poll question). After choosing from the possible options, click the Submit button to cast your vote. Unlike many online polls, the results of all votes cast, up to the point of your vote, will not be displayed. AMSAT members can only vote once. If you click the poll link again after already voting, a vote submitted message will be displayed. As four seats on the Board of Directors are up for election this year, all four candidates will be seated on the Board when the voting period concludes on September 15, 2021. To read candidate biographies see: https://launch.amsat.org/2021-BoD-Election AMSAT members may access their ballots at: https://launch.amsat.org/Sys/Poll/25943 [ANS thanks Jeff Davis, KE9V, AMSAT Secretary, for the above information] +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ AMSAT's GOLF Program is about getting back to higher orbits, and it all begins with GOLF-TEE – a technology demonstrator for deployable solar panels, propulsion, and attitude control, now manifested for launch on NASA's ELaNa 46 mission. Come along for the ride. The journey will be worth it! https://tinyurl.com/ANS-GOLF +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ AMSAT Awards Update Here are the latest award updates for the first half of the year, plus a bit. AMSAT Satellite Communicators Award for making their first satellite QSO John Wedge, VA6WEG Brandon Coon, KI5MJH Davy Jacobs, ON8ZJ Ryan Frederick, K7NZE Peter Spinelli, N4YOT John Hutchison, KI5NYZ Allen Beard, K4WSD David Johnston, WD6AOE ------ AMSAT Communications Achievement Award Martin Schuette, N9EAT, #633 Stephen DeVience, N8URE, #634 Dave Lane, KB0RFY, #635 Allen Beard, K4WSD, #636 Wes Baden, NA1ME, #637 Thomas Talley, K0CFI, #638 ------ AMSAT Sexagesimal Satellite Communications Achievement Award Martin Schuette, N9EAT, #190 Stephen DeVience, N8URE, #191 Wes Baden, NA1ME, #192 ------ AMSAT Century Award Martin Schuette, N9EAT, #57 Wes Baden, NA1ME, #58 ------ AMSAT South Africa Satellite Communications Achievement Award Martin Schuette, N9EAT, #US236 Stephen DeVience, N8URE, #US237 Dave Lane, KB0RFY, #US238 Allen Beard, K4WSD, #US239 Wes Baden, NA1ME, #US240 Thomas Talley, K0CFI, #US241 ------ AMSAT Robert W. Barbee Jr., W4AMI Award (1,000-4,000) Ken Bodholt, KI7UXT #US104 upgraded to 4,000 Bernd Scholer, DL6IAN #US116 upgraded to 3,000 Michael Mark, VE4MM, #117 upgraded to 2,000 Stephen DeVience, N8URE, #US118 Larry Callahan, KF6JOQ, #US119 ------ AMSAT Rover Award Rover Call ===== ======== #57 ND9M/MM #58 LA9XGA #59 WI7P #60 KF6JOQ ------ GridMaster Award GridMaster Call ========== ======== #27 W9TWJ #28 W5RKN #29 KI7UXT #30 K8YSE/7 #31 KB6LTY #32 KC9ELU To see all the awards visit http://www.amsat.org and click on Services then Awards. [ANS thanks Bruce Paige, KK5DO, AMSAT Director Contests and Awards, for the above information] +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ Want to fly the colors on your own grid expedition? Get your AMSAT car flag and other neat stuff from our Zazzle store! 25% of the purchase price of each product goes towards Keeping Amateur Radio in Space https://www.zazzle.com/amsat_gear +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ ARISS NEWS Amateurs and others around the world may listen in on contacts between amateurs operating in schools and allowing students to interact with astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station. The downlink frequency on which to listen is 145.800 MHz worldwide. The next scheduled contact is with Carl Fuhlrott-Gymnasium, Wuppertal, Germany, direct via DN1CFG. The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be OR4ISS. The scheduled astronaut is Akihiko Hoshide, KE5DNI. The contact is go for: Monday, 2021-08-23 07:54:53 UTC, 81 degrees maximum elevation over Germany. The ARISS station is currently supporting packet operation (145.825 MHz up & down). Next mode change is to cross band repeater after the school contact on Aug 23 (after 08:05 UTC). The station will power down for upcoming U.S. EVA [spacewalk] on August 24. Shutdown scheduled for about 19:00 UTC Aug 23. Power up scheduled for 07:45 UTC Aug 25. The latest information on the operation mode can be found at https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html The latest list of frequencies in use can be found at https://www.ariss.org/contact-the-iss.html [ANS thanks Charlie Sufana, AJ9N, one of the ARISS operation team mentors for the above information] +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ AMSAT, along with our ARISS partners, is developing an Amateur Radio package, including two-way communication capability, to be carried on-board Gateway in lunar orbit. Support AMSAT's projects today at https://www.amsat.org/donate/ +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ Upcoming Satellite Operations WL7T will be putting a number of Alaska grids on the air, August 21-27: BP44, BP45, BP46, BP47, BP54, BP55, BP57, BP58, BP59, BP64, BP65, BP75, BP84, BP85 VE7KPM: CN78, upcoming. 9/2 approx. [ANS thanks Paul Overn, KE0PBR, AMSAT rover page manager, for the above information] --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hamfests, Conventions, Maker Faires, and Other Events AMSAT Ambassadors provide presentations, demonstrate communicating through amateur satellites, and host information tables at club meetings, hamfests, conventions, maker faires, and other events. Ambassador Clint Bradford, K6LCS, has online presentations scheduled for the following clubs: Sonoma (CA) ARC STARS - Easy Coast Fairlawn NJ Portland OR Longmont CO SW Florida Contact Clint at http://www.work-sat.com or by phone at 909-999-SATS (7287) to arrange a presentation. The 2021 HamXposition is taking place September the 11th and 12th, in Marlborough, Massachusetts. The convention has a new home at the Best Western Royal Plaza Hotel & Trade Center. If you would like to volunteer at the booth contact Phil Smith w1eme at amsat.org. REGISTRATION IS NOW OPEN for the 39th AMSAT Space Symposium and Annual General Meeting October 29-31, 2021 Crowne Plaza AiRE 3 Appletree Square, Bloomington, MN 55245. Complete information and registration at tinyurl.com/ANS-227-SYMPOSIUM. [ANS thanks Paul Overn, KE0PBR, AMSAT Events page manager, for the above information] --------------------------------------------------------------------- Satellite Shorts From All Over + The previously announced schedule of FCC amateur radio application fees likely will not go into effect before 2022. FCC staff confirmed during a recent virtual meeting with Volunteer Examiner Coordinators (VECs) that the agency is still working on the necessary changes to the Universal Licensing System (ULS) software and other processes and procedures that must be in place before it starts collecting fees from amateur applicants. Once it's effective, a $35 application fee will apply to new, modification (upgrade and sequential call sign change), renewal, and vanity call sign applications. (ANS thanks ARRL for the above information.) + AMSAT-DL reports the antenna used by DP0GVN in Antarctica for the QO-100 geostationary satellite amateur radio transponder is completely destroyed. According to the Alfred-Wegener-Institute (AWI), a severe winter storm hit Atka Bay (Antarctica) at the end of last week. Unfortunately, the satellite antenna for the geostationary QO-100 amateur radio satellite was also completely destroyed during the storm, despite the weatherproof radome, so no school contacts with DP0GVN can take place until further notice. AMSAT-DL and AWI hope to erect a new antenna early next year, in particular to continue the very successful contacts with schools. (ANS thanks AMSAT-UK and AMSAT-DL for the above information.) + NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, KG5GNP, and astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, KE5DNI, of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency will venture outside the International Space Station on Tuesday, Aug. 24, for a spacewalk to install a support bracket in preparation for future installation of the orbiting laboratory’s third new solar array. NASA will discuss the upcoming spacewalk during a news conference at 1800z (2 p.m. EDT) Monday, Aug. 23. Live coverage of the news conference and spacewalk will air on NASA Television, the agency’s website, and the NASA app. [Amateurs should be aware that all amateur radio transmissions are powered off during spacewalks.] (ANS thanks NASA for the above information.) + The Ingenuity helicopter on Mars has now completed its 12th flight, where it acted as a scout, looking ahead for dangerous terrain for it’s partner in crime, the Perseverance rover. The 4-pound autonomous rotocraft climbed over almost 10 meters (33 ft) high, and traveled a total of 450 meters (1,476 ft) in 169 seconds. It flew over the over an area dubbed the ‘South Seitah’ region of Mars, where Perseverance will explore. (ANS thanks Universe Today for the above information.) + Scientists have spotted a previously unrecognized feature of our Milky Way galaxy: A contingent of young stars and star-forming gas clouds is sticking out of one of the Milky Way's spiral arms like a splinter poking out from a plank of wood. Stretching some 3,000 light-years, this is the first major structure identified with an orientation so dramatically different than the arm's. (ANS thanks Space Daily for the above information.) + NASA is calling on all sixth through 12th-grade educators and students to submit experiments for possible suborbital flights as a way of gaining firsthand experience with the design and testing process used by NASA researchers. The NASA TechRise Student Challenge invites students to design, build, and launch experiments on suborbital rockets and high-altitude balloons. Each winning team will receive $1,500 to build their experiment and an assigned spot to test it on a NASA-sponsored suborbital flight. For details, see https://www.futureengineers.org/nasatechrise (ANS thanks NASA for the above information.) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Join AMSAT today at https://launch.amsat.org/ In addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership to: * Societies (a recognized group, clubs or organization). * Primary and secondary school students are eligible for membership at one-half the standard yearly rate. * Post-secondary school students enrolled in at least half time status shall be eligible for the student rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary years in this status. * Memberships are available for annual and lifetime terms. Contact info [at] amsat.org for additional membership information. 73 and remember to help Keep Amateur Radio in Space! This week's ANS Editor, Mark Johns, K0JM k0jm at amsat dot org

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Re: Satellite Presentation for YOUR Club
by Clint Bradford 20 Aug '21

20 Aug '21

>> … STARS - Easy Coast … Yes. the EASY Coast …(grin) I am turning OFF spell-checker. Clint K6LCS

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Satellite Presentation for YOUR Club
by Clint Bradford 19 Aug '21

19 Aug '21

Think a 90-minute lively, informative, and fun “How to Work the Easy Satellites” Zoom presentation would be appropriate for your convention or club? Always included are overviews of the ARRL, AMSAT, and ARISS … and pre-presentation questions are solicited and welcome. Send an email or call! Clint Bradford K6LCS AMSAT Ambassador, ARRL instructor http://www.work-sat.com <http://www.work-sat.com/> 909-999-SATS (7287) Upcoming clubs … Sonoma (CA) ARC STARS - Easy Coast Fairlawn NJ Portland OR Longmont CO SW Florida /end/

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ARISS News Release No. 21-46
by David Jordan 19 Aug '21

19 Aug '21

ARISS News Release No. 21-46 Dave Jordan, AA4KN ARISS PR aa4kn(a)amsat.org FORIMMEDIATE RELEASE ARISSContact is Scheduled for Studentsat Carl Fuhlrott-Gymnasium, Wuppertal, Germany August19, 2021—Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) has received scheduleconfirmation for an ARISS radio contact with astronauts. ARISS is the groupthat puts together special amateur radio contacts between students around theglobe and crew members with ham radio licenses on the International Space Station (ISS). This will be a direct contact via amateur radio between students at the CarlFuhlrott-Gymnasium, and Astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, amateur radio call sign KE5DNI. Students will take turns asking their questions. Appropriate local Covid-19 protocols areadhered to as applicable for each ARISS contact. Thedownlink frequency for this contact is 145.800 MHZ and may be heard bylisteners that are within the ISS-footprint that also encompasses the radio relayground station. Amateur radio operators, using the call sign DN1CFGwill operate the ham radio ground station for this contact. The ARISS radio contact isscheduled for August 23, 2021 at 9:54:53 am CEST (Wuppertal, DE), (7:54 UTC, 3:54am EDT, 2:54 am CDT, 1:54 am MDT and 12:54 am PDT). Carl-Fuhlrott-Gymnasium(CFG) (with students ages 10-19 years), provides curricula leading to theA-levels (“Abitur”), an exam which entitles their students to study any subjectat any university. CFG is a certified EuropeanSchool and also certified as a MINT (STEM equivalent) excellence center. Their MINT/STEMcurriculum includes courses in Astronomy and collaborates with BergischeUniversität to provide astronomy training for students and teachers. Students’extracurricular activities include using the school’s onsite astronomical observatorythat has six telescopes (Celestron C11) and one Planewave CDK20. Amateur radiois also part of student activities with an onsite amateur radio station andplanned activities that would involve studies in radio astronomy, and software definedradio. Students have participated in the launching and radio tracking of a high-altitudeballoon flight and have used that experience to prepare for this ARISS contact. _____________________________ Astime allows, students will ask these questions: 1. How do you like being in space and what do you do all day? 2. How do you brush your teeth up there? Can you take a shower? 3. Do you live sustainably on the ISS? 4. What do you do in your free time? I hope you have some at all. 5. Do astronauts have privacy? How do you manage living with so manyastronauts in a confined space? 6. Does zero gravity and the remoteness of the station have any effects onyour psyche? 7. Are there any implicit rules among the astronauts and cosmonauts on theISS? 8. Did you take any personal items with you to remind you of yourexpedition? 9. Where does the oxygen on the ISS come from? Is the photobioreactorexperiment using algae still working and which usage could it have? 10. How does an EVA-activity feel? 11. Have you ever experienced/seenanything that you could not explain scientifically? 12. At our observatory, we have observed several exoplanets with thetransition method. Do you also have experiments on sky observation on the ISS?Maybe even exoplanets? 13. How optimistic are you while searching for black matter? 14. How does zero gravity influence muscle building and muscle loss duringand after your mission? Could you help influence this with muscle buildingdrugs? 15. Sufficient sleep forms the basis for an effective muscle build-up. Is ittherefore necessary to prepare yourselves for sleeping in the Space station ordo you need to get used to the conditions first to get a restful sleep? 16. What do you think of private companies building rockets for manned spaceflight instead of the national space agencies? 17. Do you think it will be possible to live on Mars or on other planetsuntil 2050, as Elon Musk plans to? 18. Is CIMON-2 still with you on the ISS? What would you like a robotcompanion do for you? 19. What are the advantages of cancer research in space? Are there alreadyany benefits for patients on Earth? _____________________________ ARISS – Celebrating 20 Years of Continuous Amateur Radio Operations onthe ISS About ARISS: Amateur Radio on the InternationalSpace Station (ARISS) is a cooperative venture of international amateur radiosocieties and the space agencies that support the International Space Station(ISS). In the United States, sponsors are the Radio Amateur SatelliteCorporation (AMSAT), the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the ISS NationalLab-Space Station Explorers, and NASA’s Space communications and Navigationprogram. The primary goal of ARISS is to promote exploration of science,technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics topics. ARISS does this byorganizing scheduled contacts via amateur radio between crew members aboard theISS and students. Before and during these radio contacts, students, educators,parents, and communities take part in hands-on learning activities tied tospace, space technologies, and amateur radio. For more information, see www.ariss.org. MediaContact: DaveJordan, AA4KN ARISSPR Likeus on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter. Search on Amateur Radio on the ISS and@ARISS_status. Checkout ARISS on Youtube.com.

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FN01 Rove Results
by Bob Liddy (K8BL) 19 Aug '21

19 Aug '21

Gridders, 8/18 Rove to FN01 got the following Calls in the Log & LoTW. LMK if botched/missing. K8YSE,K7VNE,N5LEX,WB2TQE,AB5N,KG0D,K5DNA,G0IIQ,KB1HY,KB2M,K9UO,KN2K,NF4A,N8AJM,KQ2N,VA3ECO,N8RO,WA4VOC,K0JM,N8URE,KA4OYI,KD4QNA,WD9EWK,AF5CC,K3RRR,K4RGK,XE1HG,CM2ESP,N4DCW,VA3VGR TNX/73, Bob K8BL

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Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2021-08-19 02:00 UTC
by aj9n＠aol.com 18 Aug '21

18 Aug '21

Upcoming ARISS Contact Schedule as of 2021-08-19 02:00 UTC Quick list of scheduled contacts and events: Carl Fuhlrott-Gymnasium, Wuppertal, Germany, direct via DN1CFG The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be OR4ISS The downlink frequency is presently scheduled to be 145.800 MHz The latest information on the operation mode can be found at https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html The scheduled astronaut is Akihiko Hoshide KE5DNI Contact is go for: Mon 2021-08-23 07:54:53 UTC 81 deg Next mode change is expected to take place in late August 2021. The latest information on the operation mode can be found at https://www.ariss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html The latest list of frequencies in use can be found at https://www.ariss.org/contact-the-iss.html ######################################################################################################################################## A multi-point telebridge contact means that each student will be on the telebridge from their own home. **************************************************************************************************************************************** ARISS is very aware of the impact that COVID-19 is having on schools and the public in general. As such, we may have last minute cancellations or postponements of school contacts. As always, I will try to provide everyone with near-real-time updates. Watch for future COVID-19 related announcements at https://www.ariss.org/ The following schools have now been postponed or cancelled due to COVID-19: Postponed: No new schools Cancelled: No new schools **************************************************************************************************************************************** Note, all times are approximate. It is recommended that you do your own orbital prediction or start listening about 10 minutes before the listed time. All dates and times listed follow International Standard ISO 8601 date and time format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS The complete schedule page has been updated as of 2021-08-19 02:00 UTC. (***) Here you will find a listing of all scheduled school contacts, and questions, other ISS related websites, IRLP and Echolink websites, and instructions for any contact that may be streamed live. https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/arissnews.rtf https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/arissnews.txt The successful school list has been updated as of 2021-08-11 17:00 UTC. https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/Successful_ARISS_schools.rtf The ARISS webpage is at https://www.ariss.org/ Note that there are links to other ARISS websites from this site. The main page for Applying to Host a Scheduled Contact may be found at https://www.ariss.org/apply-to-host-an-ariss-contact.html +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ARISS Contact Applications (United States) For future proposal information and more details such as expectations, proposal guidelines and proposal form, and dates and times of Information Webinars, go to www.ariss.org. About ARISS: Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) is a cooperative venture of international amateur radio societies and the space agencies that support the International Space Station (ISS). In the United States, sponsors are the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT), the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the ISS National Lab and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The primary goal of ARISS is to promote exploration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEAM) topics by organizing scheduled contacts via amateur radio between crew members aboard the ISS and students in classrooms or public forms. Before and during these radio contacts, students, educators, parents, and communities learn about space, space technologies, and amateur radio. For more information, see www.ariss.org. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ARISS Contact Applications (Europe, Africa and the Middle East) Schools and Youth organizations in Europe, Africa and the Middle East interested in setting up an ARISS radio contact with an astronaut on board the International Space Station are invited to submit an application from September to October and from February to April. Please refer to details and the application form at www.ariss-eu.org/school-contacts. Applications should be addressed by email to: school.selection.manager(a)ariss-eu.org ARISS Contact Applications (Canada, Central and South America, Asia and Australia and Russia) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Organizations outside the United States can apply for an ARISS contact by filling out an application. Please direct questions to the appropriate regional representative listed below. If your country is not specifically listed, send your questions to the nearest ARISS Region listed. If you are unsure which address to use, please send your question to the ARISS-Canada representative; they will forward your question to the appropriate coordinator. For the application, go to: https://www.ariss.org/ariss-application.html. ARISS-Canada and the Americas, except USA: Steve McFarlane, VE3TBD email to: ve3tbd(a)gmail.com ARISS-Japan, Asia, Pacific and Australia: Satoshi Yasuda, 7M3TJZ email to: ariss(a)iaru-r3.org, Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL) https://www.jarl.org/ ARISS-Russia: Soyuz Radioljubitelei Rossii (SRR) https://srr.ru/ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ARISS is always glad to receive listener reports for the above contacts. ARISS thanks everyone in advance for their assistance. Feel free to send your reports to aj9n(a)amsat.org or aj9n(a)aol.com. Listen for the ISS on the downlink of 145.8Ø MHz unless otherwise noted. ******************************************************************************* All ARISS contacts are made via the Kenwood radio unless otherwise noted. ******************************************************************************* Several of you have sent me emails asking about the RAC ARISS website and not being able to get in. That has now been changed to https://www.ariss.org/ Note that there are links to other ARISS websites from this site. **************************************************************************** Looking for something new to do? How about receiving DATV from the ISS? Please note that the HamTV system has been brought back to earth for troubleshooting. Please monitor ARISS-EU or ARISS-ON for the very latest news on the troubleshooting efforts. If interested, then please go to the ARISS-EU website for complete details. Look for the buttons indicating Ham Video. http://www.ariss-eu.org/ If you need some assistance, ARISS mentor Kerry N6IZW, might be able to provide some insight. Contact Kerry at kbanke(a)sbcglobal.net The HamTV webpage: https://www.amsat-on.be/hamtv-summary/ **************************************************************************** ARISS congratulations the following mentors who have now mentored over 100 schools: Sergey RV3DR with 154 Satoshi 7M3TJZ with 142 Francesco IKØWGF with 140 Gaston ON4WF with 123 **************************************************************************** The webpages listed below were all reviewed for accuracy. Out of date webpages were removed, and new ones have been added. If there are additional ARISS websites I need to know about, please let me know. Total number of ARISS ISS to earth school events is 1464. Each school counts as 1 event. Total number of ARISS ISS to earth school contacts is 1394. Each contact may have multiple schools sharing the same time slot. Total number of ARISS supported terrestrial contacts is 48. Please feel free to contact me if more detailed statistics are needed. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following US states and entities have never had an ARISS contact: South Dakota, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas Islands, and the Virgin Islands. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ QSL information may be found at: https://www.ariss.org/qsl-cards.html ISS callsigns: DPØISS, IRØISS, NA1SS, OR4ISS, RSØISS **************************************************************************** Frequency chart for packet, voice, and crossband repeater modes showing Doppler correction as of 2005-07-29 04:00 UTC https://www.amsat.org/amsat/ariss/news/ISS_frequencies_and_Doppler_correcti… Check out the Zoho reports of the ARISS contacts https://reports.zoho.com/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?DBID=412218000000020415 **************************************************************************** Exp. 64 on orbit Oleg Novitskiy Pyotr Dubrov Mark Vande Hei KG5GNP SpaceX-Crew 2 on orbit Meghan McArthur (Behnken) Akihiko Hoshide KE5DNI Thomas Pesquet KG5FYG Shane Kimbrough KE5HOD **************************************************************************** 73, Charlie Sufana AJ9N One of the ARISS operation team mentors

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SatPC32 Error msg of "E/A Fehler 32" while storing radio setup.
by Phil Goodman 18 Aug '21

18 Aug '21

Hi all, First, if this is the wrong place to be asking this question... sorry. Please direct me to the appropriate place. I am attempting to set up my IC-9700 to work with SatPC32 (V12.9) and am confident that I have the correct model (IC-9700), Baudrate (115200), COM Port (13) CAT Delay (70) and Addresses ($A2 on both) selected, but I keep getting an "E/A-Fehler 32" error message. From what I am seeing online, that is a Runtime Error message. Just as the "SatPC32 (Scope Edition) and IC-9700" instructions say, I have not changed any of the other Check-boxes. I don't think it is a driver issue, as I also have a IC-7300 setup and working on the same computer. They do look nice sitting next to each other but I digress. Other than that the program appears to be working properly, after I resolved the problem of running the program as a non-admin (Standard User) by moving the configuration files to the Standard User AppData folder. Thanks for reading and '73, phil WA6HOO!

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